scholarly journals Distribution of biocide resistant genes and biocides susceptibility in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii — A first report from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendran Vijayakumar ◽  
Tim Sandle ◽  
Mohammad S. Al-Aboody ◽  
Meshal K. AlFonaisan ◽  
Wael Alturaiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
First Report ◽  
Resistant Genes

scholarly journals Kisameet Clay Isolated from the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, Demonstrates Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
James A. Karlowsky
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Central Coast

ABSTRACT Clay minerals are naturally occurring layered phyllosilicates which consist of fine particles and possess antimicrobial activity. In a recent article, Behroozian et al. obtained Kisameet clay (KC) from Kisameet, from the central coast of British Columbia, Canada, northwest of Vancouver and assessed its antimicrobial activity versus 16 selected ESKAPE pathogens ( Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter spp.) possessing a variety of different resistance profiles [S. Behroozian, S. L. Svensson, and J. Davies, mBio 7(1):e01842-15, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01842-15]. KC demonstrated complete bacterial eradication of Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus aureus within 24 h. For Enterobacter spp., the organisms were eradicated with 1% KC within 5 h, while for Enterococcus faecium , it took 48 h to kill all organisms. Although many questions need to be answered, these exciting findings highlight the importance of testing natural substances/products from around the globe to assess whether they possess antimicrobial activity and potential for usage as topical, oral, or systemic agents for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Enterobacterial infection in Saudi Arabia: First record of Klebsiella pneumoniae with triple carbapenemase genes resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubashir Ahmad Khan ◽  
Amr M Mohamed ◽  
Aftab Faiz ◽  
Jawwad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Record ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae are emerging as important pathogens worldwide with serious effects on patients’ outcome. The study aimed to investigate the emergence of carbapenemases associated with enterobacterial infection in Western region of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Clinical isolates from suspected patients with enterobacterial infection were investigated over a one-year period from four tertiary care hospitals of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. All isolates were identified using Vitek-2 system and then screened for potential carbapenemase production using disk diffusion test. Suspected isolates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were further investigated for blaNDM-1, blaKPC and blaOXA-48 resistant genes. Results: Out of 120 confirmed Enterobacteriaceae isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli comprised the largest proportion (35% and 34.2%, respectively) of encountered infections. Twenty-six (21.7%) isolates showed resistance to carbapenems, the majority of which (21/26) were K. pneumoniae. Remarkably, 17 isolates carried triple resistant genes KPC/NDM-1/OXA-48 while the other 4 carried double resistant genes (KPC/OXA-48) or (NDM-1/OXA-48). The current study revealed that the mentioned triple resistance genes have the higher incidence with significant association risk among males (COR 4.5; CI: 1.9-17.3; P = 0.018), non-Saudi nationalities (COR 4.9; CI: 1.5-19.3; P = 0.003), ICU-obtained specimens (COR 3.6; CI: 1.5-8.4; P = 0.002) and blood specimens (COR 2.8; CI: 1.1-6.9; P = 0.02). Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in particular K. pneumoniae co-harboring KPC, NDM-1 and OXA-48 genes are emerging in Western region, Saudi Arabia. This is the first record of triple carbapenemase genes co-producing K. pneumoniae associated with enterobacterial infection.

Multidrug Resistance among Gram-Negative Pathogens That Caused Healthcare-Associated Infections Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2006–2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 528-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Kallen ◽  
Alicia I. Hidron ◽  
Jean Patel ◽  
Arjun Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
National Healthcare Safety Network ◽  
Healthcare Associated

We evaluated isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii that were reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network from January 2006 through December 2008 to determine the proportion that represented multidrug-resistant phenotypes. The pooled mean percentage of resistance varied by the definition used; however, multidrug resistance was relatively common and widespread.

Genotypes and prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq ◽  
Ali A Rabaan ◽  
Justin V Saunar ◽  
Ali M Bazzi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Background The molecular epidemiology of resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are important in the study of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We evaluate the prevalence of the different mechanisms of CRE in a hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods Carbapenem non-susceptible isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested by real-time PCR for the detection of genes responsible for beta-lactam resistance. Results There were a total of 200 isolates with carbapenem non-susceptibility and these were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=96, 48%), Escherichia coli (n=51, 25.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=45, 22.5%). The detected carbapenemases were oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48) (n=83, 41.5%), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) (n=19, 2.5%) and both NDM and OXA-48 (n=5, 2.5%). The other carbapenemases were imipenemase (n=1, 0.5%), Verona integrin encoded metallo-β-lactamase (n=6, 3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (n=1, 0.5%), but none were detected in 86 isolates (43%). Conclusion The most common carbapenemases were OXA-48 and a significant percentage had no detectable genes. These data will help in the selection of new antimicrobial therapies.

scholarly journals In Vitro Double and Triple Bactericidal Activities of Doripenem, Polymyxin B, and Rifampin against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2732-2734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Urban ◽  
Noriel Mariano ◽  
James J. Rahal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Bactericidal Activities

ABSTRACT In vitro double and triple bactericidal activities of doripenem, polymyxin B, and rifampin were assessed against 20 carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates with different mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. Bactericidal activity was achieved in 90% of all bacteria assayed using combinations of polymyxin B, doripenem, and rifampin against five each of the carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli isolates studied. Combinations with these antibacterials may provide a strategy for treatment of patients infected with such organisms.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Interaction of Doripenem and Amikacin against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny Loho ◽  
Ninik Sukartini ◽  
Dalima A. W. Astrawinata ◽  
Suzanna Immanuel ◽  
Diana Aulia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

Evaluation of the in vitro interaction of doripenem and amikacin against Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was done by classifying them into four groups: doripenem and amikacin sensitive (DOR-S/AMK-S), doripenem sensitive and amikacin resistant (DOR-S/AMK-R), doripenem resistant and amikacin sensitive (DOR-R/AMK-S), and both doripenem and amikacin resistant (DOR-R/AMK-R). The MIC of each antibiotic and their combination was obtained using the Etest method. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was calculated to classify the results as synergistic, additive, indifferent, or antagonistic interaction. In the DOR-S/AMK-S class, 1 isolate of A. baumannii showed synergy and the other 5 showed additive results, 5 isolates of P. aeruginosa showed additive and 1 isolate showed indifferent result, and 2 isolates of K. pneumoniae showed additive and the other 4 showed indifferent results. In the DOR-S/AMK-R class, 3 isolates of A. baumannii showed additive and the other 3 showed indifferent results, 2 isolates of P. aeruginosa showed indifferent results, and 1 isolate of K. pneumoniae showed additive and the other 5 showed indifferent results. In the DOR-R/AMK-S class, 1 isolate of A. baumannii showed additive and the other 5 showed indifferent results, 1 isolate of P. aeruginosa showed additive and the other 5 showed indifferent results, and 4 isolates of K. pneumoniae showed additive and the other 2 showed indifferent results. In the DOR-R/AMK-R class, 6 isolates of A. baumannii showed indifferent results, 1 isolate of P. aeruginosa showed additive and the other 5 showed indifferent results, and 1 isolate of K. pneumoniae showed additive and the other 5 showed indifferent results. Synergy occurred in only 1 (1.5%) isolate. Additive interaction occurred in 24 (35.3%) isolates, and indifferent interaction occurred in 43 (63.2%) isolates. Doripenem sensitive combined with amikacin sensitive reduced MIC significantly in all bacterial isolates when compared to single MIC of each antibiotic.

scholarly journals In VitroSynergy of Colistin Combinations against Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 4856-4861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Vidaillac ◽  
Lothaire Benichou ◽  
Raphaël E. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACTColistin resistance, although uncommon, is increasingly being reported among Gram-negative clinical pathogens, and an understanding of its impact on the activity of antimicrobials is now evolving. We evaluated the potential for synergy of colistin plus trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1/19 ratio), or vancomycin against 12 isolates ofAcinetobacter baumannii(n= 4),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n= 4), andKlebsiella pneumoniae(n= 4). The strains included six multidrug-resistant clinical isolates,K. pneumoniaeATCC 700603,A. baumanniiATCC 19606,P. aeruginosaATCC 27853, and their colistin-resistant derivatives (KPm1, ABm1, and PAm1, respectively). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were assessed by broth microdilution and population analysis profiles. The potential for synergy of colistin combinations was evaluated using a checkerboard assay, as well as static time-kill experiments at 0.5× and 0.25× MIC. The MIC ranges of vancomycin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1/19) were ≥128, 4 to ≥128, and 2/38 to >128/2,432 μg/ml, respectively. Colistin resistance demonstrated little impact on vancomycin, trimethoprim, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MIC values. Isolates with subpopulations heterogeneously resistant to colistin were observed to various degrees in all tested isolates. In time-kill assays, all tested combinations were synergistic against KPm1 at 0.25× MIC and 0.5× MIC and ABm1 and PAm1 at 0.5× MIC. In contrast, none of the tested combinations demonstrated synergy against any colistin-susceptibleP. aeruginosaisolates and clinical strains ofK. pneumoniaeisolates. Only colistin plus trimethoprim or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was synergistic and bactericidal at 0.5× MIC againstK. pneumoniaeATCC 700603. Colistin resistance seems to promote thein vitroactivity of unconventional colistin combinations. Additional experiments are warranted to understand the clinical significance of these observations.

scholarly journals A Broad-Spectrum Antibiofilm Peptide Enhances Antibiotic Action against Bacterial Biofilms

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5363-5371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fany Reffuveille ◽  
César de la Fuente-Núñez ◽  
Sarah Mansour ◽  
Robert E. W. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACTBiofilm-related infections account for at least 65% of all human infections, but there are no available antimicrobials that specifically target biofilms. Their elimination by available treatments is inefficient since biofilm cells are between 10- and 1,000-fold more resistant to conventional antibiotics than planktonic cells. Here we describe the synergistic interactions, with different classes of antibiotics, of a recently characterized antibiofilm peptide, 1018, to potently prevent and eradicate bacterial biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andEnterobacterspecies) pathogens. Combinations of peptide 1018 and the antibiotic ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, or tobramycin were synergistic in 50% of assessments and decreased by 2- to 64-fold the concentration of antibiotic required to treat biofilms formed byPseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Salmonella enterica, and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, in flow cell biofilm studies, combinations of low, subinhibitory levels of the peptide (0.8 μg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (40 ng/ml) decreased dispersal and triggered cell death in matureP. aeruginosabiofilms. In addition, short-term treatments with the peptide in combination with ciprofloxacin prevented biofilm formation and reducedP. aeruginosaPA14 preexisting biofilms. PCR studies indicated that the peptide suppressed the expression of various antibiotic targets in biofilm cells. Thus, treatment with the peptide represents a novel strategy to potentiate antibiotic activity against biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Encoding Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Collected from Three Different Countries

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Khaled S. M. Azab ◽  
Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Hussien H. El-Sheikh ◽  
Ehab Azab ◽  
Adil A. Gobouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Encoding Genes

The incidence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes (blaCTX-M and blaTEM) among Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens collected from three different countries was investigated. Two hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates were collected from Egypt (n = 90), Saudi Arabia (n = 162), and Sudan (n = 40). Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity against 20 antimicrobial agents from 11 antibiotic classes, the most resistant strains were selected and identified using the Vitek2 system and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A total of 85.6% of the isolates were found to be resistant to more than three antibiotic classes. The ratios of the multidrug-resistant strains for Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan were 74.4%, 90.1%, and 97.5%, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed inconstant resistance levels to the different classes of antibiotics. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest levels of resistance against macrolides followed by penicillins and cephalosporin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant to penicillins followed by classes that varied among different countries. The isolates were positive for the presence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. The blaCTX-M gene was the predominant gene in all isolates (100%), while blaTEM was detected in 66.7% of the selected isolates. This work highlights the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistant genes among different countries. We suggest that the medical authorities urgently implement antimicrobial surveillance plans and infection control policies for early detection and effective prevention of the rapid spread of these pathogens.

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