Prevalence and genetic variation of salivary gland hypertrophy virus in wild populations of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes from southern and eastern Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. S123-S132 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Kariithi ◽  
M. Ahmadi ◽  
A.G. Parker ◽  
G. Franz ◽  
V.I.D. Ros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

scholarly journals The Salivary Secretome of the Tsetse Fly Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) Infected by Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Kariithi ◽  
Ikbal A. Ince ◽  
Sjef Boeren ◽  
Adly M. M. Abd-Alla ◽  
Andrew G. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

Interactions Between Glossina Pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus and Tsetse Endosymbionts in Wild Tsetse Populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouhamadou M. Dieng ◽  
Antonios A. Augustinos ◽  
Güler Demirbas-Uzel ◽  
Vangelis Doudoumis ◽  
Andrew G. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

Abstract BackgroundTherefore, tsetse control is considered an effective and sustainable tactic for the control of cyclically transmitted trypanosomosis in the absence of effective vaccines and inexpensive, effective drugs. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is currently used to eliminate tsetse fly populations in an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) context in Senegal. For SIT, tsetse mass-rearing is a major milestone that associated microbes can influence. Tsetse flies can be infected with micro-organisms, including the primary and obligate Wigglesworthia glossinidia, the commensal Sodalis glossinidius, and Wolbachia pipientis. In addition, tsetse populations often carry a pathogenic DNA virus, the Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (GpSGHV) that hinders tsetse fertility and fecundity. Interactions between symbionts and pathogens might affect the performance of the insect host. MethodsIn the present study, we assessed the possible interaction of GpSGHV and tsetse endosymbionts under field conditions to decipher the bidirectional interactions in different Glossina species. We determined the co-infection pattern of GpSGHV and Wolbachia in natural tsetse populations. We further analyzed the interaction of both Wolbachia and GpSGHV infection with Sodalis and Wigglesworthia density using qPCR. ResultsThe results indicated that the co-infection of GpSGHV and Wolbachia was most prevalent in Glossina austeni and Glossina morsitans morsitans, with an explicit significant negative correlation between GpSGHV and Wigglesworthia infection. GpSGHV infection levels of more than 104 were not observed when Wolbachia infection was present at high density (>108.5), suggesting a potential protective role of Wolbachia against GpSGHV. ConclusionThe result indicates that Wolbachia infection might protect tsetse fly against GpSGHV and the interactions between the tsetse host and its associated microbes are dynamic, likely species-specific and significant differences may exist between laboratory and field conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of trypanosomes, salivary gland hypertrophy virus and Wolbachia in wild populations of tsetse flies from West Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele M. S. Ouedraogo ◽  
Güler Demirbas-Uzel ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse ◽  
Geoffrey Gimonneau ◽  
Astan C. Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

scholarly journals Correlation between structure, protein composition, morphogenesis and cytopathology of Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Kariithi ◽  
Jan W. M. van Lent ◽  
Sjef Boeren ◽  
Adly M. M. Abd-Alla ◽  
İkbal Agah İnce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Tegument Proteins ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

The Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV) is a dsDNA virus with rod-shaped, enveloped virions. Its 190 kb genome contains 160 putative protein-coding ORFs. Here, the structural components, protein composition and associated aspects of GpSGHV morphogenesis and cytopathology were investigated. Four morphologically distinct structures: the nucleocapsid, tegument, envelope and helical surface projections, were observed in purified GpSGHV virions by electron microscopy. Nucleocapsids were present in virogenic stroma within the nuclei of infected salivary gland cells, whereas enveloped virions were located in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of infected cells appeared disordered and the plasma membranes disintegrated. Treatment of virions with 1 % NP-40 efficiently partitioned the virions into envelope and nucleocapsid fractions. The fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel trypsin digestion and analysis of the tryptic peptides by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray and tandem mass spectrometry. Using the MaxQuant program with Andromeda as a database search engine, a total of 45 viral proteins were identified. Of these, ten and 15 were associated with the envelope and the nucleocapsid fractions, respectively, whilst 20 were detected in both fractions, most likely representing tegument proteins. In addition, 51 host-derived proteins were identified in the proteome of the virus particle, 13 of which were verified to be incorporated into the mature virion using a proteinase K protection assay. This study provides important information about GpSGHV biology and suggests options for the development of future anti-GpSGHV strategies by interfering with virus–host interactions.

scholarly journals Genome Analysis of a Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus Reveals a Novel, Large, Double-Stranded Circular DNA Virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 4595-4611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adly M. M. Abd-Alla ◽  
François Cousserans ◽  
Andrew G. Parker ◽  
Johannes A. Jehle ◽  
Nicolas J. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

ABSTRACT Several species of tsetse flies can be infected by the Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV). Infection causes salivary gland hypertrophy and also significantly reduces the fecundity of the infected flies. To better understand the molecular basis underlying the pathogenesis of this unusual virus, we sequenced and analyzed its genome. The GpSGHV genome is a double-stranded circular DNA molecule of 190,032 bp containing 160 nonoverlapping open reading frames (ORFs), which are distributed equally on both strands with a gene density of one per 1.2 kb. It has a high A+T content of 72%. About 3% of the GpSGHV genome is composed of 15 sequence repeats, distributed throughout the genome. Although sharing the same morphological features (enveloped rod-shaped nucleocapsid) as baculoviruses, nudiviruses, and nimaviruses, analysis of its genome revealed that GpSGHV differs significantly from these viruses at the level of its genes. Sequence comparisons indicated that only 23% of GpSGHV genes displayed moderate homologies to genes from other invertebrate viruses, principally baculoviruses and entomopoxviruses. Most strikingly, the GpSGHV genome encodes homologues to the four baculoviral per os infectivity factors (p74 [pif-0], pif-1, pif-2, and pif-3). The DNA polymerase encoded by GpSGHV is of type B and appears to be phylogenetically distant from all DNA polymerases encoded by large double-stranded DNA viruses. The majority of the remaining ORFs could not be assigned by sequence comparison. Furthermore, no homologues to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunits were detected. Taken together, these data indicate that GpSGHV is the prototype member of a novel group of insect viruses.

scholarly journals Structural features of the salivary gland hypertrophy virus of the tsetse fly revealed by cryo-electron microscopy and tomography

Virology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 514 ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Orlov ◽  
Robert Drillien ◽  
Danièle Spehner ◽  
Max Bergoin ◽  
Adly M.M. Abd-Alla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus
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