Female size constrains egg size via the influence of reproductive organ size and resource storage in the seed beetle Callosobruchus chinensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Yanagi ◽  
Midori Tuda
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Resource Storage

Fecundity and Egg Size of a Brood Stock of Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush Hybrids (Splake)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Ayles
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Egg Diameter

Estimates of average egg diameter and average number of eggs per female from a brood stock of Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush (splake) hybrids were 0.468 cm and 1169 eggs, respectively. Variation in egg size between females was attributable to variation in both size and age of the fish, whereas differences in fecundity were attributed only to differences in female size. At a given size a splake had more and larger eggs than have been reported for lake trout. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to the reestablishment of a viable trout population in Lake Huron.

Irradiation dose does not affect male reproductive organ size, sperm storage, and female remating propensity in Ceratitis capitata

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
S. Abraham ◽  
V. Díaz ◽  
A. Moyano ◽  
G. Castillo ◽  
J. Rull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Male Age ◽  
Female Remating ◽  
Accessory Glands

AbstractThe Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is a globally invasive pest, often controlled with the sterile insect technique (SIT). For the SIT, mass-rearing of the target insect followed by irradiation are imperatives. Sterile males are often less able to inhibit female remating and transfer less number of sperm, and even irradiation could affect male reproductive organs, with consequences for their ability to inhibit female remating. On the other hand, male age could affect their ability to modulate female response after mating. Here, we evaluated the quality of the genetic sexing strain Vienna-8-tsl mass-reared in Bioplanta San Juan, Argentina, under laboratory conditions, with regard to: (i) the ability of sterile males irradiated at 100 or 140 Gy to inhibit female remating, in the same day and at 24 h of first copulation; (ii) the ability of 3, 4 or 5 day-old sterile males to inhibit female remating at 24 h of first copulation, and (iii) the effect of a reduction in irradiation doses on the number of sperm stored by females and reproductive organ size in virgin males. Sterile males were better able than wild males to inhibit female remating in the same day of first copulation and as able as wild males 1 day after first copulation. Male age did not affect their ability to inhibit female receptivity. Number of sperm stored by females, testes size and ectodermal accessory glands size were not affected by male identity, while sterile 100 Gy males had larger mesodermal accessory glands than control lab males. A reduction in irradiation dose does not impact any variable measured, except for percentage of sperm-depleted females: females mated with sterile 100 Gy males had lower probabilities to store sperm. The results showed here are very encouraging for tsl Vienna 8 strain reared in Argentina and are discussed in comparison with previous studies in C. capitata female remating with dissimilar results.

scholarly journals Pipefish embryo oxygenation, survival, and development: egg size, male size, and temperature effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1451-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Nygård ◽  
Charlotta Kvarnemo ◽  
Ingrid Ahnesjö ◽  
Ines Braga Goncalves
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Male Size ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Syngnathus Typhle ◽  
Uniparental Care ◽  
Male Care

AbstractIn animals with uniparental care, the quality of care provided by one sex can deeply impact the reproductive success of both sexes. Studying variation in parental care quality within a species and which factors may affect it can, therefore, shed important light on patterns of mate choice and other reproductive decisions observed in nature. Using Syngnathus typhle, a pipefish species with extensive uniparental male care, with embryos developing inside a brood pouch during a lengthy pregnancy, we assessed how egg size (which correlates positively with female size), male size, and water temperature affect brooding traits that relate to male care quality, all measured on day 18, approximately 1/3, of the brooding period. We found that larger males brooded eggs at lower densities, and their embryos were heavier than those of small males independent of initial egg size. However, large males had lower embryo survival relative to small males. We found no effect of egg size or of paternal size on within-pouch oxygen levels, but oxygen levels were significantly higher in the bottom than the middle section of the pouch. Males that brooded at higher temperatures had lower pouch oxygen levels presumably because of higher embryo developmental rates, as more developed embryos consume more oxygen. Together, our results suggest that small and large males follow distinct paternal strategies: large males positively affect embryo size whereas small males favor embryo survival. As females prefer large mates, offspring size at independence may be more important to female fitness than offspring survival during development.

Benefits of fidelity: does host specialization impact nematode parasite life history and fecundity?

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KOPRIVNIKAR ◽  
H. S. RANDHAWA
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Evolutionary Level ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYThe range of hosts used by a parasite is influenced by macro-evolutionary processes (host switching, host–parasite co-evolution), as well as ‘encounter filters’ and ‘compatibility filters’ at the micro-evolutionary level driven by host/parasite ecology and physiology. Host specialization is hypothesized to result in trade-offs with aspects of parasite life history (e.g. reproductive output), but these have not been well studied. We used previously published data to create models examining general relationships among host specificity and important aspects of life history and reproduction for nematodes parasitizing animals. Our results indicate no general trade-off between host specificity and the average pre-patent period (time to first reproduction), female size, egg size, or fecundity of these nematodes. However, female size was positively related to egg size, fecundity, and pre-patent period. Host compatibility may thus not be the primary determinant of specificity in these parasitic nematodes if there are few apparent trade-offs with reproduction, but rather, the encounter opportunities for new host species at the micro-evolutionary level, and other processes at the macro-evolutionary level (i.e. phylogeny). Because host specificity is recognized as a key factor determining the spread of parasitic diseases understanding factors limiting host use are essential to predict future changes in parasite range and occurrence.

Can timing of spawning explain the increase in egg size with female size in salmonid fish?

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Louhi ◽  
Grethe Robertsen ◽  
Ian A. Fleming ◽  
Sigurd Einum
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

scholarly journals Compared with Feeding Infants Breast Milk or Cow-Milk Formula, Soy Formula Feeding Does Not Affect Subsequent Reproductive Organ Size at 5 Years of Age

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Andres ◽  
Mary B Moore ◽  
Leann E Linam ◽  
Patrick H Casey ◽  
Mario A Cleves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Formula

scholarly journals Sources of Egg-Size Variation in House Wrens (Troglodytes Aedon): Ontogenetic and Environmental Components

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Styrsky ◽  
Robert C. Dobbs ◽  
Charles F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Ontogenetic Variation ◽  
Troglodytes Aedon ◽  
House Wrens ◽  
Female Condition ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Central Illinois

Abstract Evolutionary theory predicts that heritability of fitness-related traits should be low. Egg size in birds is a fitness-related trait, but exhibits high heritability. One possible explanation for the apparent failure of natural selection to exhaust variability is that variation in egg size is mediated by female condition. In this study, we estimated repeatability of egg size within and between successive clutches in a wild, double-brooded population of House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) in central Illinois, and examined the relationship of egg size with female size and condition. Repeatability of egg volume and mass in individual birds was high within years and between successive years (>0.77), suggesting a substantial heritable component to variation in egg size. However, egg mass was also significantly correlated with female condition. We suggest that the high repeatability values largely reflect permanent but nongenetic (ontogenetic) variation in egg size among females, which is reflected in the positive correlation of egg size with female condition. If variation in egg size is attributable to a combination of nonheritable, ontogenetic variation and variation due to current environmental conditions among females, then selection may not produce an evolutionary response in egg size.

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