Quantitative short-day photoperiodic response in larval development and its adaptive significance in an adult-overwintering cerambycid beetle, Phytoecia rufiventris

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1053-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Shintani
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Short Day

Effects of carbon dioxide on Pharbitis, Xanthium, and Silene in short days

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Purohit ◽  
E. B. Tregunna
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Silene Armeria

The flowering response and other morphological characters of Pharbitis nil, Xanthium pennsylvanicum, and Silene armeria were studied in environments with different levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen under short-day conditions. Different light sources and intensities were also tested. Irrespective of the light source and intensity used, higher levels of carbon dioxide delayed or inhibited flowering as well as other morphological characters of the short-day plants but induced flowering in the long-day plant. Dry weight per unit leaf area as well as total chlorophyll increased with carbon dioxide concentration. The results are discussed in relation to some other recent reports, and it is proposed that large variations in photosynthetic rates of plants probably alter their photoperiodic response.

scholarly journals Photoperiodic Response of Peanut Species1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
Short Day ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Wild Peanut ◽  
Short Days

Abstract Many Arachis species collections do not produce pegs in North Carolina even though they flower profusely. To investigate reasons for the failure of fruiting, nine wild peanut species of section Arachis and three A. hypogaea cultivars representing spanish, valencia and virginia types were evaluated for response to short and long-day treatments in the North Carolina State Phytotron Unit of the Southeastern Environmental Laboratories. The objective of this investigation was to determine the flowering and fruiting responses of Arachis species to short and long-day photoperiods. Plant collections grown under a 9-hour short-day treatment were generally less vigorous, but produced more pegs than corresponding plants grown in long-day treatments which were produced by 9 hours of light plus a 3-hour interruption of the dark period. Annual species produced significantly more flowers and pegs than perennial species during both long and short days. The total number of flowers produced ranged from 0 during short days for A. correntina to more than 300 for A. cardenasii in long-day treatments. Only one plant of each species A. chacoense and A. villosa, and no plants of A. correntina, flowered in short days. Total numbers of pegs produced in short-day treatments were generally greater than in long-day treatments and the ratio of total number of pegs/total number of flowers was consistently greater during short-day treatments. A general trend was observed for more flowers produced in long-day treatments, but more pegs produced in short days. This study indicated that photoperiod can be manipulated to increase the seed set of some species and the success rate of obtaining certain interspecific hybrids. Furthermore, introgression from wild to cultivated species may possibly alter the reproductive capacity of A. hypogaea to photoperiod.

PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSE OF BEGONIA × HIEMALIS CV. RIEGER

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. MOLNAR
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Short Day

Two consecutive experiments demonstrated that Rieger elatior begonia cultivars Schwabenland Red and Aphrodite Cherry Red flowered earlier and most abundantly when they were grown under long days (16 h) at the early part of their growing season, followed by 3 wk of short day conditions (10 h). The plants were in full bloom within 6 wk from the time the short-day treatment began.

scholarly journals Photoperiodic Response of Nine Alternative Hanging-basket Species

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 681e-681
Author(s):  
Millie S. Williams ◽  
Terri W. Starman ◽  
James E. Faust
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses ◽  
Long Day Plants ◽  
Pentas Lanceolata ◽  
Helichrysum Bracteatum

The photoperiodic responses were determined for the following species: Bacopa speciosa `Snowflake', Bidens ferulifolium, Brachycome multifida `Crystal Falls', Helichrysum bracteatum'Golden Beauty', Lysimachia procumbens (Golden Globes), Pentas lanceolata `Starburst', Scaevola aemula `New Blue Wonder', Streptocarpella hybrid `Concord Blue', and Streptosolen jamesonii (Orange Browallia). Each plant species was grown at 8-, 10-, 12-, 14-, and 16-hour photoperiods. Photoperiods were provided by delivering 8 hours sunlight, then pulling black cloth and providing daylength extension with incandescent bulbs. Bacopa speciosa `Snowflake', Bidens ferulifolium, Brachycome multifida `Crystal Falls', Helichrysum bracteatum `Golden Beauty', Scaevola aemula `New Blue Wonder', and Streptocarpella hybrid `Blue Concord' were day neutral, i.e., no difference in days to visible bud or days to anthesis in response to photoperiod were observed. Pentas lanceolata `Starburst' and Lysimachia procumbens (Golden Globes) were quantitative long day plants, i.e., days to anthesis decreased as daylength increased. No difference in days to visible bud, number of lateral shoots, number of nodes, or internode length were observed for Pentas lanceolata `Starburst'; however, days to anthesis for 14- and 16-hour photoperiods occurred 9 days earlier than 8-hour photoperiods. Days to visible bud for Lysimachia procumbens (Golden Globes) occurred 7 days earlier and days to anthesis was 9 days earlier under 14- and 16-hour photoperiods than 8-hour photoperiods. By week 8, only one flower per plant developed in the 8-hour photoperiod while 11 flowers per plant developed in the 14-hour photoperiod. Streptosolen jamesonii (Orange Browallia) was a qualitative short day plant. There was no difference in the days to anthesis between 8- and 10-hour daylength, each averaging 36 days from start of photoperiod treatment. Plants under 12- to 16-hour photoperiods did not flower.

Reproduction annd development of Neosilurus ater (Perugia) and Neosilurus hyrtlii Steindachner (Teleostei : Plotosidae) in a tropical Queensland stream

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Orr ◽  
NE Milward
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Tropical Streams

The reproduction and development of two plotosid catfishes, N. ater and N. hyrtlii, were investigated in a seasonal tributary of the Ross River, northern Queensland. The fishes were observed to move upstream to spawn during monsoonal flooding. Their mating behaviour, embryology and larval development are described. The adaptive significance of a flood-spawning strategy is discussed in relation to food availability, predation, and aeration in seasonal tropical streams.

scholarly journals Induction of Diapause in Erioischia Brassicae Bouche (Dipt., Anthomyiidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
R. D. HUGHES
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day

1. The overwintering resting stage of the cabbage rootfly (Erioischia brassicae) is a facultative diapause in the pupal instar. 2. The induction of the diapause takes place during larval development and appears to be governed by changes in the daylength operating through the host plant. 3. It is suggested that the daylength stimulus is passed on to the insect by way of a change in the composition of its food, and this hypothesis is supported by the finding that a long-day stimulus remains apparent to feeding insects after the host plant has been removed to short-day treatments.

scholarly journals The influence of photoperiod on head formation in some Brachiaria species and Chloris gayana cv. Masaba.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
J.G.P. Dirven ◽  
L.J.M. van Soest ◽  
K. Wind
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
Selection Of

The effect of the photoperiod on head formation was investigated in 5 Brachiaria spp. and selected ecotypes of C. gayana cv. Masaba. The experiments were conducted in the glasshouse with photoperiods of 10, 12 or 14 h in 1971 and 9, 10.25 or 12.5 h in 1973. The photoperiods comprised 9 h natural daylight in the summer, supplemented with 40 W incandescent lamps. It was concluded that B. mutica is a qualitative (obligate) short-day plant whereas B. ruziziensis and cv. Masaba are quantitative short-day plants. B. brizantha and B. decumbens were already flowering when exposed to 24-h photoperiods during the pre-experimental period in 1971. In Brachiaria introduction PI 299498, head formation in both experiments occurred a few days earlier under the short photoperiod treatment. In the later-formed heads of all grasses tested the number of racemes/head decreased, though the length of the racemes was not affected. During the 1971 experiment, culm branching was observed in most of the grasses. It was found that in Masaba "secondary" culms were mainly formed during photoperiods of 10 and 12 h but rarely in 14 h. "Tertiary" culms in B. ruziziensis were observed in photoperiods of 10 and 12 h. It is suggested that culm branching can be attributed to high RH. The low seed production of tropical grasses is mainly caused by the low number of heading tillers/unit area and the disynchronization of the flowering resulting from the long period of head production. It is suggested that more research on the photoperiodic response of these grasses would provide useful information on seed production. After selection of photosensitive cv. and seed production at lat. of approx. 15 deg N. and 15 deg S. the long period of heading would be reduced and the synchronization of the flowering would be improved. Some of the early heading types of Masaba are typical examples of photosensitive cv. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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