scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Soo Baek ◽  
Young-Su Yi ◽  
Young-Jin Son ◽  
Sulgi Yoo ◽  
Nak Yoon Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ginsenoside Rc from Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Attenuates Inflammatory Symptoms of Gastritis, Hepatitis and Arthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 595-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Man Hee Rhee ◽  
Jongsung Lee ◽  
Seung Hyung Kim ◽  
Yanyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ginsenoside Rc

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an herbal medicine prescribed worldwide that is prepared from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae). Out of ginseng’s various components, ginsenosides are regarded as the major ingredients, exhibiting anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Although recent studies have focused on understanding the anti-inflammatory activities of KRG, compounds that are major anti-inflammatory components, precisely how these can suppress various inflammatory processes has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to identify inhibitory saponins, to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the saponins, and to understand the inhibitory mechanisms. To do this, we employed in vitro lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages and in vivo inflammatory mouse conditions, such as collagen (type II)-induced arthritis (CIA), EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis. Molecular mechanisms were also verified by real-time PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and reporter gene assays. Out of all the ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rc (G-Rc) showed the highest inhibitory activity against the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], and interferons (IFNs). Similarly, this compound attenuated inflammatory symptoms in CIA, EtOH/HCl-mediated gastritis, and LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis without altering toxicological parameters, and without inducing gastric irritation. These anti-inflammatory effects were accompanied by the suppression of TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6 production and the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in mice with CIA. G-Rc also attenuated the increased levels of luciferase activity by IRF-3 and AP-1 but not NF-[Formula: see text]B. In support of this phenomenon, G-Rc reduced TBK1, IRF-3, and ATF2 phosphorylation in the joint and liver tissues of mice with hepatitis. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that G-Rc may be a major component of KRG with useful anti-inflammatory properties due to its suppression of IRF-3 and AP-1 pathways.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Ulcerative Colitis Potentially through th1/th2 Cytokine Balance by a Mixture of Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Persicaria tinctoria

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5230
Author(s):  
Evelyn Saba ◽  
Yuan Yee Lee ◽  
Man Hee Rhee ◽  
Sung-Dae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ginseng is a vastly used herbal supplement in Southeast Asian countries. Red ginseng extract enriched with Rg3 (Rg3-RGE) is a formula that has been extensively studied owing to its various biological properties. Persicaria tinctoria (PT), belonging to the Polygonaceae family, has also been reported for its anti-inflammatory properties. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is inflammation of the large intestine, particularly in the colon. This disease is increasingly common and has high probability of relapse. We investigated, separately and in combination, the effects of Rg3-RGE and PT using murine exemplary of UC induced by DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium). For in vitro and in vivo experiments, nitric oxide assay, qRT-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Western blot, ulcerative colitis introduced by DSS, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry analysis were performed. The results obtained demonstrate that treatment with Rg3-RGE + PT showed synergism to suppress inflammation (in vitro) in RAW 264.7 cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB pathways. Moreover, in C57BL/6 mice, this mixture exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects in restoring colon length, histopathological damage, pro-inflammatory mediators, and cytokines amount, and decreasing levels of NLRP3 inflammasome (in vivo). Our results recommend that this mixture can be used for the prevention of UC as a prophylactic/therapeutic supplement.

scholarly journals Protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhee Kim ◽  
Hyejin Lee ◽  
Ki Sung Kang ◽  
Kwang-Hoon Chun ◽  
Gwi Seo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EXPERIMENTAL EFFECT OF KOREAN RED GINSENG ON ERECTION

1999 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1508-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOUNG DEUK CHOI ◽  
KOON H.O. RHA ◽  
HYUNG K.I. CHOI
Keyword(s):  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Experimental Effect

scholarly journals Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Oil in an Ultraviolet B-Induced Hairless Mouse Model

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4755
Author(s):  
Evelyn Saba ◽  
Seung-Hyung Kim ◽  
Yuan Yee Lee ◽  
Hyun-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Seong-Soo Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Hairless Mouse ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Uvb Exposure

A ‘remedy for all’ natural product widely known in the Korean Peninsula is called Panax Ginseng Meyer. Globalization represents a persistent risk to the ozone layer, leading to bountiful amounts of Ultra-Violet B beams (UVB). The variety in human skin hues is ascribed to the characteristic color called Melanin. However, Melanin overproduction due to UVB beams promotes skin staining and tumorigenesis, a process called photo aging, which damages skin quality. To assess the effects of Korean Red Ginseng Oil (KGO) on photo aging, the murine melanoma cell lines B16/F10 were used in vitro and HRM-2 hairless mice exposed to UVB were studied in vivo. Our results revealed that KGO reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16/F10 cells along with the suppression of upstream factors involved in the melanin production pathway, both transcriptionally and transitionally. In the in vivo studies, KGO suppressed the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) and Interleukins along with a reduction of depth in wrinkle formation and reduced collagen degradation. Moreover, the feed intake and feed efficiency ratio that decreased as a result of UVB exposure was also improved by KGO treatment. In light of our results, we conclude that KGO can have considerable benefits due to its various properties of natural skin enhancement.

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