In vitro and in vivo safety of aqueous extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chin Chung ◽  
Su-Tze Chou ◽  
Jyun-Kai Jhan ◽  
Junn-Wang Liao ◽  
Shu-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extracts

scholarly journals Treatment with Uncaria tomentosa Promotes Apoptosis in B16-BL6 Mouse Melanoma Cells and Inhibits the Growth of B16-BL6 Tumours

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Ali Zari ◽  
Hajer Alfarteesh ◽  
Carly Buckner ◽  
Robert Lafrenie
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Size ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Uncaria Tomentosa ◽  
Mouse Melanoma ◽  
Anti Cancer

Uncaria tomentosa is a medicinal plant native to Peru that has been traditionally used in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. In this study, the effectiveness of U. tomentosa as an anti-cancer agent was assessed using the growth and survival of B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells. B16-BL6 cell cultures treated with both ethanol and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) extracts of U. tomentosa displayed up to 80% lower levels of growth and increased apoptosis compared to vehicle controls. Treatment with ethanolic extracts of Uncaria tomentosa were much more effective than treatment with aqueous extracts. U. tomentosa was also shown to inhibit B16-BL6 cell growth in C57/bl mice in vivo. Mice injected with both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of U. tomentosa showed a 59 ± 13% decrease in B16-BL6 tumour weight and a 40 ± 9% decrease in tumour size. Histochemical analysis of the B16-BL6 tumours showed a strong reduction in the Ki-67 cell proliferation marker in U. tomentosa-treated mice and a small, but insignificant increase in terminal transferase dUTP nick labelling (TUNEL) staining. Furthermore, U. tomentosa extracts reduced angiogenic markers and reduced the infiltration of T cells into the tumours. Collectively, the results in this study concluded that U. tomentosa has potent anti-cancer activity that significantly inhibited cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica L. aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rosmani Md Zin ◽  
Zahurin Mohamed ◽  
Mohammed A Alshawsh ◽  
Won F Wong ◽  
Normadiah M Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Vitro Assay

Anastatica hierochuntica L. ( A. hierochuntica), a folk medicinal plant, was evaluated for mutagenic potential via in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro assay was conducted according to modified Ames test, while the in vivo study was performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline for mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Four groups ( n= 5 males and 5 females per group) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly chosen as the negative control, positive control (received a single intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg), 1000 and, 2000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts. All groups except the positive control were treated orally for three days. Findings of the in vitro assay showed mutagenic potential of AHAE at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/ml. However, no mutagenic effect was demonstrated in the in vivo study up to 2000 mg/kg. No significant reduction in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio was noted in any of the groups. Meanwhile, high micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated group only. These findings could perhaps be due to insufficient dosage of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts to cause genetic damage on the bone marrow target cells. Further acute and chronic in vivo toxicity studies may be required to draw pertinent conclusion on the safety aspect of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts consumption. Impact statement In this paper, we report on the mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract. This is a significant research in view of the popularity of this herb consumption by the people across the globe despite of limited scientific evidence on its toxicity potential. This study is intended to encourage more extensive related research in order to provide sufficient evidence and guidance for determining its safe dosage.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant capacities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica using in vitro and in vivo models

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Chioma E. Irozuru Irozuru ◽  
Janet O. Olugbodi ◽  
Uche Okuu Arunsi ◽  
Olusola Ladeji
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Background: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica are commonly sourced food condiments in every household in Nigeria. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical compositions, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of these plants. Methods: The aqueous extracts from the A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica were evaluated for phytochemical composition using standard protocols while the antioxidant activities were evaluated using the reducing power assay. Forty-five (45) Male Wistar rats (weighing 185±10 g) were divided into five groups (n=9) and were orally administered with 100 mg/kg BW each of A. sativum, M. myristica, A. cepa, and ascorbic acid while the control group received 0.5 mL/kg BW distilled water alone. Animals (n=3) from each group were sacrificed after the 20th, 25th, and 30th days of oral administration. The blood and tissue samples were collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Result: Our results revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes in the plant extracts. A. sativum had the highest reducing power capacity followed by M. myristica and then A. cepa. The in vitro antioxidants activities demonstrated by the plant extracts were higher than that of ascorbic acid but less than butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo antioxidant studies showed a marked increase (p<0.05) in the level of catalase with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of MDA and H2O2 in the liver and kidney of rats administered with aqueous extracts of the condiments compared to the normal control and ascorbic acid in the following order control < ascorbic acid < A. cepa < M. myristica < A. sativum. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we infer that the aqueous extracts of A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica are rich in antioxidants and as a result could serve as promising novel functional foods and nutraceuticals

scholarly journals Preliminary screening of the aqueous extracts of twenty-three different seaweed species in Sri Lanka with in-vitro and in-vivo assays

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e03918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal D. Premarathna ◽  
T.H. Ranahewa ◽  
S.K. Wijesekera ◽  
D.L. Harishchandra ◽  
K.J.K. Karunathilake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Seaweed Species ◽  
In Vivo Assays

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Malaria in Embu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bibianne Waiganjo ◽  
Gervason Moriasi ◽  
Jared Onyancha ◽  
Nelson Elias ◽  
Francis Muregi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Malaria is a deadly disease caused by a protozoan parasite whose mode of transmission is through a female Anopheles mosquito. It affects persons of all ages; however, pregnant mothers, young children, and the elderly suffer the most due to their dwindled immune state. The currently prescribed antimalarial drugs have been associated with adverse side effects ranging from intolerance to toxicity. Furthermore, the costs associated with conventional approach of managing malaria are arguably high especially for persons living in low-income countries, hence the need for alternative and complementary approaches. Medicinal plants offer a viable alternative because of their few associated side effects, are arguably cheaper, and are easily accessible. Based on the fact that studies involving antimalarial medicinal plants as potential sources of efficacious and cost-effective pharmacotherapies are far between, this research was designed to investigate antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of organic and aqueous extracts of selected plants used by Embu traditional medicine practitioners to treat malaria. The studied plants included Erythrina abyssinica (stem bark), Schkuhria pinnata (whole plant), Sterculia africana (stem bark), Terminalia brownii (leaves), Zanthoxylum chalybeum (leaves), Leonotis mollissima (leaves), Carissa edulis (leaves), Tithonia diversifolia (leaves and flowers), and Senna didymobotrya (leaves and pods). In vitro antiplasmodial activity studies of organic and water extracts were carried out against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistance (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In vivo antiplasmodial studies were done by Peter’s four-day suppression test to test for their in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei. Finally, cytotoxic effects and safety of the studied plant extracts were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) rapid calorimetric assay technique. The water and methanolic extracts of T. brownii and S. africana and dichloromethane extracts of E. abyssinica, S. pinnata, and T. diversifolia leaves revealed high in vitro antiplasmodial activities (IC50≤10 μg/ml). Further, moderate in vivo antimalarial activities were observed for water and methanolic extracts of L. mollissima and S. africana and for dichloromethane extracts of E. abyssinica and T. diversifolia leaves. In this study, aqueous extracts of T. brownii and S. africana demonstrated high antiplasmodial activity and high selectivity indices values (SI≥10) and were found to be safe. It was concluded that T. brownii and S. africana aqueous extracts were potent antiplasmodial agents. Further focused studies geared towards isolation of active constituents and determination of in vivo toxicities to ascertain their safety are warranted.

scholarly journals Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata Exerts Anti-Breast Cancer Effect via miR-200c-PDE7B/PD-L1-AKT/MAPK Axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yue Yang ◽  
Ting Fang ◽  
Yi-Lan Cao ◽  
Ya-Xin Lv ◽  
Qing-Qi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Hedyotis Diffusa ◽  
4T1 Cells

Background. Hedyotis diffusa (HD) Willd. and Scutellaria barbata (SB) D. Don in different ratios have been frequently used to treat various cancers in clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions. However, the optimal ratio, active fraction, and molecular mechanisms associated with the anti-breast cancer role of this herbal couplet have not been elaborated. Methods. To screen out the optimal ratio of this herbal couplet, we compare aqueous extracts of HD, SB, or HD plus SB in different weight ratios (HS11, HS12, HS21) for their anticancer effects on murine breast cancer 4T1 cells in vitro and in vivo. EA11, the ethyl acetate fraction from HS11 (the aqueous extract of the couplet at an equal weight ratio), is further assessed for its antiproliferative effect as well as the antitumorigenic impact with the aid of immunocompetent mice. Colony formation, flow cytometry, western blot, ELISA, and qRT-PCR are used to elucidate mechanisms underlying EA11-led effects. Results. HS11 presents the most potential suppression of 4T1 cell proliferation and tumor growth among these aqueous extracts. The comparison results show that EA11 is more effective than HS11 in vitro and in vivo. EA11 inhibits colony formation and induces apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. EA11 reduces the protein expressions of PDE7B, PD-L1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 while elevating the concentration of cellular cAMP and miR-200c expression in 4T1 cells. Additionally, EA11 exerts its anticancer effect partially via the inactivation of MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Conclusions. This study implicates that EA11 prevents breast tumor development by interfering with the miR-200c-PDE7B/PD-L1-AKT/MAPK axis. EA11 may represent a potential therapeutic candidate for breast cancer.

HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELL RESPONSE TO STIMULATION OF EXTRACTS FROM ANIMAL MATERIALS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Smirnov ◽  
Victor Keino ◽  
Ksenia Goryacheva ◽  
Alexander Shunk ◽  
Alexander Bondarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Hematopoetic Stem Cell ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article presents the results of the research hemostimulating activity of aqueous extracts of antler young Siberean stag and drone larvae homogenate. These substrates were obtained from raw materials of animal origin. Altai Krai andAltaiRepublicare subjects of theRussian Federationwhich is the place of production of the raw material. Experiments were conducted in two stages. The first stage - in vitro, which included a research of experimental substrates on the culture of mouse marrow cells. During the experiments were obtained different results. We counted the number of colonies grown in cell culture for this. The second stage of experimenters - in vivo. It included an assessment of the myeloprotector on model of cytostatic myelosuppression of mice and analysis of bone marrow and peripheral blood.

Antithyroid effects in vivo and in vitro of babassu and mandioca: a staple food in goiter areas of Brazil

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Gaitan ◽  
Robert C Cooksey ◽  
Jim Legan ◽  
Raymond H Lindsay ◽  
Sidney H Ingbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Edible Parts

Gaitan E, Cooksey RC, Legan J, Lindsay RH, Ingbar SH, Medeiros-Neto G. Antithyroid effects in vivo and in vitro of babassu and mandioca: a staple food in goiter areas of Brazil. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:138–44. ISSN 0804–4643 Babassu (Orbignya phalerata), a palm-tree coconut fruit, mixed with mandioca (Manihot utilissima) is the staple food of people living in the endemic goiter area of Maranhao in Brazil, where goiter prevalence among schoolchildren was still 38% in 1986 despite an adequate iodine intake in most of the population. Therefore, the question arose as to whether or not the ingestion of babassu alone or mixed with mandioca contributed to the persistence of endemic goiter in this area of Brazil. In this investigation we examined the potential antithyroid effects of babassu and mandioca by means of in vivo studies in Sprague-Dawley rats, in vitro studies in porcine thyroid slices and using a purified porcine thyroid peroxidase (TPO) system. Samples of various edible parts of babassu and mandioca flour were homogenized and extracted in goitrogen-free water (GFW) for in vivo experiments, and in methanol (100 g/l), GFW or 0.06 mol/l phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) for in vitro experiments. The edible parts of babassu produced significant in vivo antithyroid effects (p < 0.05–< 0.001) in rats on a high iodine intake (14 μg I− day−1 · rat−1), as well as distinct and reproducible antithyroid and anti-TPO activities in both in vitro systems, their action being similar to that of the thionamide-like antithyroid drugs propylthiouracil and methimazole. The antithyroid action of aqueous extracts of mandioca flour in vivo and in thyroid slices in vitro was also evident by significant (p < 0.01–< 0.001) and pronounced inhibition of the iodide organification process; however, in contrast to babassu, methanol and aqueous extracts of mandioca flour caused little inhibition in vitro in the TPO system. Little or no effect was produced by babassu or mandioca on thyroid iodide transport by thyroid slices or in vivo in the rat, indicating that neither thiocyanate nor perchlorate-like compounds are responsible for their antithyroid effects. Results of this study provide direct experimental evidence, both in vivo and in vitro, of antithyroid effects of babassu and mandioca, supporting the hypothesis that this staple food is responsible, at least in part, for the persistence of goiter in the iodine-supplemented endemic region of Maranhao in Brazil. Eduardo Gaitan, Endocrinology Section (151), VA Medical Center, 1500 E. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, MS 39216, USA

Differences in Chemical Component and Anticancer Activity of Green and Ripe Forsythiae Fructus

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (07) ◽  
pp. 1513-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaolin Bao ◽  
Ren-Bo Ding ◽  
Yeer Liang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Marker Compounds

Forsythiae Fructus, Lianqiao in Chinese, is one of the most fundamental herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Both green Forsythia (GF) and ripe Forsythia (RF) are referred to Forsythiae Fructus in medicinal applications. In most cases, they are used without distinction. In this study, a metabolomics approach was performed to compare componential differences of two Forsythiae Fructus aqueous extracts subtypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plots from the UPLC-MS data showed clear separation between the two subtypes, indicating there are significant differences in the chemical components between GF and RF. Meanwhile, the anticancer activity of them was also compared. GF exhibited much stronger antitumor activity than RF against B16-F10 murine melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. 15 chemical compounds were identified as specific markers for distinguishing GF and RF. Among these marker compounds, forsythoside I, forsythoside A, forsythoside E and pinoresinol were demonstrated to be key important active compounds that account for the different anticancer efficacies of GF and RF. Our data suggest that GF and RF should be distinctively used in clinical applications, particularly in the anticancer formulas, in which GF should be preferentially prescribed.

scholarly journals Aqueous extracts of hulled barley containing coumaric acid and ferulic acid inhibit adipogenesis in vitro and obesity in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 208-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cho-Rong Seo ◽  
BoRa Yi ◽  
Sumi Oh ◽  
So-Mi Kwon ◽  
Suji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Hulled Barley
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