Fallout radionuclide-based techniques for assessing the impact of soil conservation measures on erosion control and soil quality: an overview of the main lessons learnt under an FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dercon ◽  
L. Mabit ◽  
G. Hancock ◽  
M.L. Nguyen ◽  
P. Dornhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fallout Radionuclide ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

scholarly journals Hydrological Response of Precipitation and Human Activities—A Case Study in the Zuli River Basin, China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenlu Huang ◽  
Qinke Yang ◽  
Weidong Huang ◽  
Junlong Zhang ◽  
Yuru Li
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

Precipitation and human activities are two essential forcing dynamics that influence hydrological processes. To investigate those impacts, the Zuli River Basin (ZRB, a typical tributary basin of the Yellow River in China) was chosen to identify the impact of precipitation and human activities on runoff and sediment discharge. A double mass curve (DMC) analysis and the test methods, including accumulated variance analysis, sequential cluster, Lee-Heghnian, and moving t-test methods was utilized to determine the abrupt change point based on data from 1956 to 2015. Correlation formulas and multiple regression methods were used to calculate the runoff and sediment discharge reduction effects of soil conservation measures and to estimate the contribution rate of precipitation and soil conservation measures to runoff and sediment discharge. Our results show that the runoff reduction effect of soil conservation measures (45%) is greater than the sediment discharge reduction effect (32%). Soil conservation measures were the main factor controlling the 74.5% and 75.0% decrease in runoff and sediment discharge, respectively. Additionally, the contribution rate of vegetation measures was higher than that of engineering measures. This study provides scientific strategies for water resource management and soil conservation planning at catchment scale to face future hydrological variability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Conservation Measures on Runoff, Soil Erosion, TN, and TP Losses Based on Experimental Runoff Plots in Northern China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2334
Author(s):  
Haiyan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures ◽  
Runoff Plots

Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) are the main pollutants affecting the water quality of the Miyun Reservoir, Beijing. However, few studies have been conducted on their responses to implemented soil conservation measures at a slope scale in northern China. To explore the impact of soil conservation measures on TN and TP losses, field monitored data from 18 runoff plots under natural rainfalls were used to analyze the changing characteristics of runoff, soil loss, and nutrient losses during 2014–2019. The results indicated that runoff, soil erosion, as well a TN and TP losses from the plots varied significantly, depending on land use and soil conservation measures. Bare plots suffered the highest soil, TN, and TP losses, followed by cultivated plots without soil conservation measures, cultivated plots with contour tillage, and other plots. Event-averaged runoff and soil loss rates ranged from 0 to 7.9 mm and from 0 to 444.4 t km−2 yr−1, and event-averaged TN and TP losses from cultivated plots were the highest, with values of 39.8 and 3.0 kg km−2, respectively. Bare and cultivated plots were the main sediment and nutrient sources. Among the cultivated plots, the terraced plot had the lowest soil and nutrient losses. The vegetated plots had insignificantly lower soil and nutrient losses. Most TN and TP were lost in particulate status from the plots, especially from the plots with soil conservation measures. Soil conservation measures can effectively prevent TN and TP losses. To guarantee water resource use, contour tillage is preferred for the bare and cultivated lands in the study region.

scholarly journals The impact of widely spaced soil conservation trees on hill pastoral systems

1997 ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Wall ◽  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
A.G. Gillingham ◽  
W.R.N. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Stability ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures ◽  
Soil And Water

An estimated 3.7 million ha or 33% of the North Island requires the application of significant soil conservation measures to be able to physically sustain pastoral enterprises. Traditionally, erosion control measures on hill farmland have centred on the planting of hardwood trees, such as poplars and willows, at wide spacings. Research and experience has confirmed that where hardwood trees are adequately planted and tended, they significantly reduce the magnitude of soil erosion and maintain soil stability. However, the effects that such erosion-control plantings have on pasture and animal production owing to changes in the farm microclimate, soil and water resources remains relatively unresearched in New Zealand. Keywords: hardwood trees, physical sustainability, silvipastoral systems, soil conservation

scholarly journals Land Degradation and Soil Conservation Measures in the Moldavian Plateau, Eastern Romania: A Case Study from the Racova Catchment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2877
Author(s):  
Lilian Niacsu ◽  
Ion Ionita ◽  
Claudia Samoila ◽  
Georgel Grigoras ◽  
Ana Maria Blebea-Apostu
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

Land degradation by soil erosion, gullying and landslides and reservoir sedimentation is a major environmental threat in the Moldavian Plateau of eastern Romania. The widespread development of these processes in the last two centuries was favored mainly by traditional agriculture focused on ‘up-and-down slope’ farming on small plots. However, soil conservation measures were actively undertaken between 1970 and 1989. More recent legislation (No. 18/1991 Agricultural Real Estate Act) includes two provisions that discourage maintaining and extending soil conservation practices. Hence, the former contour farming system has been abandoned in favor of the traditional, inadequate farming methods. Thus, this paper reviews the impact of land degradation and soil conservation measures in a representative 32,908 ha catchment located in the Central Moldavian Plateau. Based on field measurements, the results show that the estimated mean long-term (1973–2017) sedimentation rate reaches 4.7 cm y−1 in the Puscasi Reservoir at the catchment outlet, resulting in an associated sediment delivery ratio of 0.28. The initial area of the Puscasi Reservoir at normal retention level has decreased by 32% and the water storage capacity has decreased by 39%. Consequently, land degradation remains a serious problem in the study area and effective soil conservation is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Hydrological Response to Precipitation and Human Activities—A Case Study in the Zuli River Basin, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenlu Huang ◽  
Qinke Yang ◽  
Weidong Huang ◽  
Junlong Zhang ◽  
Yuru Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

Precipitation and human activities are two essential forcing dynamics that influence hydrological processes. Previous research has paid more attention to either climate and streamflow or vegetation cover and streamflow, but rarely do studies focus on the impact of climate and human activities on streamflow and sediment. To investigate those impacts, the Zuli River Basin (ZRB), a typical tributary basin of the Yellow River in China, was chosen to identify the impact of precipitation and human activities on runoff and sediment discharge. A double mass curve (DMC) analysis and test methods, including accumulated variance analysis, sequential cluster, Lee-Heghnian, and moving t-test methods, were utilized to determine the abrupt change points based on data from 1956 to 2015. Correlation formulas and multiple regression methods were used to calculate the runoff and sediment discharge reduction effects of soil conservation measures and to estimate the contribution rate of precipitation and soil conservation measures to runoff and sediment discharge. Our results show that the runoff reduction effect of soil conservation measures (45%) is greater than the sediment discharge reduction effect (32%). Soil conservation measures were the main factor controlling the 74.5% and 75.0% decrease in runoff and sediment discharge, respectively. Additionally, the contribution rate of vegetation measures was higher than that of engineering measures. This study provides scientific strategies for water resource management and soil conservation planning at catchment scale to face future hydrological variability.

scholarly journals Water-Saving Soil Conservation Measures Should Be Used in Northern China: Evidence from Runoff Plot Data

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Haiyan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

Most of the current studies on soil conservation measures mainly focus on their soil control effect, neglecting their impact on water quantity. In the present study, the latest seven years (2014–2020) of monitored data from 22 runoff plots in the upstream catchment of the Miyun Reservoir, Beijing were used to evaluate the effects of slope, rainfall, and soil conservation measures on soil and water loss, and some implications were given in this water-scarce region. Excluding the impact of soil conservation measures, soil loss increased with the slope gradient and slope length. Runoff and soil loss were greatly affected by the rainfall amount and maximum 30-min rainfall intensity on the bare and cultivated slopes, or by rainfall amount and rainfall duration on almost all of the plots with soil conservation measures. The results indicated that the bare soil suffered the most severe soil loss, with a mean annual soil loss rate (SLR) of 4325 t km−2 year−1, followed by the cultivated lands without any measure, with an annual SLR of above 3205 t km−2 year−1. Contour tillage cannot effectively control soil loss on steep slopes. The vegetation measures and terrace, level bench, and fish scale pits, as well as their combinations, can decrease runoff by above 86% and decrease soil loss by 95%, respectively. Water-saving measures should be implemented in the study region. The measures, such as vegetation coverage, terracing, contour tillage, etc., should be carefully implemented on slopes. Bare and cultivated lands should further be implemented with soil conservation measures in this and similar regions in the world.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of soil conservation measures on soil organic carbon at the farm scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pezzuolo ◽  
Benjamin Dumont ◽  
Luigi Sartori ◽  
Francesco Marinello ◽  
Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document