scholarly journals Options for management of municipal solid waste in New York City: A preliminary comparison of health risks and policy implications

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pearl Moy ◽  
Nikhil Krishnan ◽  
Priscilla Ulloa ◽  
Steven Cohen ◽  
Paul W. Brandt-Rauf
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
York City ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Preliminary Comparison

Cohort Differences in Drug-Use Pathways to Crack among Current Crack Abusers in New York City

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW GOLUB ◽  
BRUCE D. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
York City ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Gateway Drugs ◽  
Hard Drugs

Much prior literature has focused on substance use progression through alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana leading from a time of no drug use as a youth to the possibility of serious drug abuse. This article extends this literature by empirically examining retrospectively the sequence of hard drugs used as reported retrospectively by 994 hard drug abusers from New York City. The sequence was strongly mediated by birth year. Nearly all (81%) current crack abusers born prior to 1953 had previously injected heroin. At the other extreme, prior heroin injection was rare (10%) among crack abusers born since 1967. Many (37%) of these younger crack abusers initiated use of crack just after having used gateway drugs. Theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals New York City Jails: COVID Discharge Policy, Data Transparency, and Reform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Miller ◽  
Bryan D. Martin ◽  
Chad M. Topaz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Jail Inmates ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Discharge Policy ◽  
One Year

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Mayor Bill de Blasio ordered the release of New York City jail inmates who were at high risk of contracting the disease and at low risk of committing criminal reoffense. Using public information, we construct and analyze a database of nearly 350,000 incarceration episodes in the city jail system from 2014 - 2020. In concordance with de Blasio's stated policy, inmates discharged immediately after his order were at a lower risk of reoffense than inmates discharged during the same calendar week in previous years. The inmates in the former group were also slightly older, on average, than those in the latter group, although the overall age distributions of the two groups were quite similar. Additionally, the inmates of the former group had spent dramatically longer in jail than those in the latter group. With the release of long-serving inmates demonstrated to be feasible, we also examine how the jail population would have looked over the past six years had caps in incarceration been in place. With a cap of one year, the system would experience a 15% decrease in incarceration. With a cap of 100 days, incarceration would be just under 50% of the realized value. Because our results are only as accurate as New York City's public-facing jail data, we discuss numerous challenges with this data and suggest improvements. These improvements would address issues including inmate age, gender, and race. Finally, we discuss policy implications of our work, highlight some opportunities and challenges posed by incarceration caps, and suggest key areas for reform. It is striking that the de Blasio administration was able to identify inmates at low risk of reoffense and was willing to release them. Their success with discharge during the early stages of COVID-19 suggests that low-risk inmates could be discharged sooner in general.

scholarly journals Energy and historic buildings: toward evidence-based policy reform

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Avrami ◽  
Jennifer L. Most ◽  
Anna Gasha ◽  
Shreya M. Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
York City ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Policy

PurposeThis research informs the intersection of climate and heritage policy development by examining the history of US energy policy as it relates to historic buildings, emerging policy tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the implications of a changing legislative landscape on historic buildings through the case of New York City.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a multi-method approach, including a review of US energy codes; discourse analysis of government records, energy studies, and reports related to historic buildings and energy; select research into energy-related heritage policy at the municipal level; and geospatial and statistical methods to analyze policy implications in the case study of New York City.FindingsHistoric buildings have long been afforded exemptions from energy code compliance in the US, and these waivers are widespread. Contemporary operating energy and greenhouse gas data, as well as energy justice findings about whom these waivers privilege, challenge these exemptions and signal a need for significant policy reform in light of climate change.Originality/valueThis study questions longstanding rhetoric about historic buildings being inherently green and supports the need for more evidence-based research to undergird heritage policy reform that is equitable and climate-responsive.

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