scholarly journals Antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and erythrocytes of fish (Rhabdosarga sarba) upon exposure to Chattonella marina and hydrogen peroxide: Implications on the cause of fish kills

2006 ◽  
Vol 336 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie P.S. Woo ◽  
Wenhua Liu ◽  
Doris W.T. Au ◽  
Donald M. Anderson ◽  
Rudolf S.S. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Chattonella Marina ◽  
Antioxidant Responses

scholarly journals 126 Antioxidant Responses in Detached Leaves of Two Cultivars of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Differing in Their Senescence Rates

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 411A-411
Author(s):  
D. Mark Hodges ◽  
Wendy V. Wismer ◽  
Charles F. Forney
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Field Plots

The responses of certain antioxidants in detached leaves of two cultivars of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) differing in their senescence rates were assessed during storage in order to explore the significance of these antioxidants in senescence regulation and dynamics. To identify spinach cultivars differing in their senescence rates, 10 cultivars were grown in field plots, harvested at maturity, and their leaves detached and stored at 10 °C in the dark. At the point of harvest (d 0) and on d 5, 8, 12, and 15, samples were analyzed for lipid peroxidation (MDA), chlorophyll loss, and electrolyte leakage. The cultivars were also grown in laboratory growth chambers to corroborate field results. Two cultivars that were consistently identified as having relatively high (Spokane F1) and low (BJ 412 Sponsor) senescence rates were grown in growth chambers for 45 d, harvested at maturity, and their leaves detached and stored as above. At the point of harvest (d 0) and on d 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20, samples were analyzed for (i) activities of ascorbate peroxidase (ASPX; EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), and (ii) concentrations of MDA, total ascorbate, reduced ascorbate (AsA), oxidized ascorbate (DAsA), total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Although MDA accumulated in leaves of both cultivars concomitant with time after detachment, levels became significantly higher in Spokane. Activities of ASPX declined in Spokane leaves following detachment but activities of SOD and levels of glutathione increased in this cultivar. GSH/GSSG increased in `Sponsor', but dramatically more so in `Spokane'. Ascorbate concentrations did not diminish in leaves of `Spokane' to the degree that they did in `Sponsor' tissue. DAsA/AsA values did not decrease in `Spokane' leaves following detachment, though they did in those of `Sponsor'. It is argued that declining activities of ASPX and levels of ascorbate and increasing activities of SOD manifested in accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in Spokane, leading to a greater potential for lipid peroxidation in this variety than for Sponsor. SOD activities and glutathione levels may have increased as a result of elevated oxidative stress in Spokane. Increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation in `Spokane' relative to `Sponsor' may have contributed to an increased rate of senescence in the leaves of this cultivar.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Responses in Harvested Leaves of Two Cultivars of Spinach Differing in Senescence Rates

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mark Hodges ◽  
Charles F. Forney ◽  
Wendy V. Wismer
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Postharvest Senescence

The objective of this study was to assess responses of certain antioxidants in harvested leaves of selected cultivars of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) differing in postharvest senescence rates in order to explore the significance of these antioxidants in postharvest senescence regulation and dynamics. Ten cultivars were grown in both field plots and laboratory growth chambers, harvested at maturity, and their leaves detached and stored at 10 °C in the dark. Following postharvest analysis, two cultivars were identified consistently as having relatively high (`Spokane F1') and low (`BJ 412 Sponsor') postharvest senescence rates. These two cultivars were then grown in a growth chamber for 45 days and their leaves detached and stored as above. At the point of harvest (day 0) and on days 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20, samples were analyzed for activities of ascorbate peroxidase (ASPX; EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), and (ii) concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation), total ascorbate, reduced ascorbate (AsA), oxidized ascorbate (DAsA), total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Although MDA accumulated in leaves of both cultivars concomitant with time after detachment, levels became significantly higher in `Spokane F1'. It is argued that declining activities of ASPX and levels of ascorbate and increasing activities of SOD manifested in accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in `Spokane F1', leading to a greater potential for lipid peroxidation in this cultivar than for `BJ 412 Sponsor'. SOD activities and glutathione levels may have increased as a result of elevated oxidative stress in `Spokane F1'. Increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation in `Spokane F1' relative to `BJ 412 Sponsor' may have contributed to an increased rate of senescence in the harvested leaves of this cultivar.

Safety of Antitheilerial Drug Buparvaquone in Rams

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermin Isik ◽  
Ozlem Derinbay Ekici ◽  
Ceylan Ilhan ◽  
Devran Coskun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Heart Damage

 Background: Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria strains of the protozoan species. Buparvaquone is the mostly preferred drug in the treatment theileriosis, while it is safety in sheep, has not been detailed investigated. It has been hypothesized that buparvaquone may show side effects and these effects may be defined some parameters measured from blood in sheep when it is used at the recommended dose and duration. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of buparvaquone on the blood oxidative status, cardiac, hepatic and renal damage and bone marrow function markers.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, ten adult (> 2 years) Akkaraman rams were used. Healthy rams were placed in paddocks, provided water ad libitum, and fed with appropriate rations during the experiment. Buparvaquone was ad­ministered at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) intramuscularly twice at 3-day intervals. Blood samples were obtained before (0. h, Control) and after drug administration at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The blood samples were transferred to gel tubes, and the sera were removed (2000 g, 15 min). During the study, the heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were measured at each sampling time. In addition, the animals were clinically observed. Plasma oxidative status mark­ers (Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), serum cardiac (Troponin I, creatine kinase-MBmass, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic (Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin) and renal (Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) damage markers and hemogram values (white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hemogram, hematocrit) were measured. Buparvaquone caused statistically significantly (P < 0.05) increases in the troponin I and blood urea nitrogen levels and fluctuations in alkaline phosphatase activity, but there was no any statistically significance difference determined in the other parameters.Discussion: In this study, buparvaquone was administered two times at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) at 3-day intervals. Al­though the result was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), it was determined that buparvaquone gradually increased the levels of the main oxidative stress marker, MDA, by approximately 2.8 fold. CAT and GPX levels were also found to have decreased by 2.2 fold. Buparvaquone may cause lipid peroxidation by producing free radicals. Some other antiprotozoal drugs may affect the oxidative status and may increase MDA level and decrease SOD level. In this study, MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation in vivo, was used to partially detect developing lipid peroxidation. Changes in the levels of reduced GPX and CAT enzymes could be attributed to their use in mediating the hydrogen peroxide detoxification mechanisms. The absence of significant changes in the TAS levels in this study suggests that buparvaquone may partially induce oxidative stress by producing hydrogen peroxide, but no significant changes occurred in the oxidative stress level because of the high antioxidant capacity of sheep. In this study, buparvaquone caused a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the level of Tn-I, which is a marker of specific cardiac damage (P < 0.05), whereas there was no statistically (P > 0.05) significant increase in CK-MBmass. Tn-I and CK-MB levels, which are used to define heart damage in humans, have been successfully used to determine heart damage in sheep. In this research study, the statistically significant increases in Tn-I but not CK-MBmass levels could be considered indicative of mild cardiac damage.Keywords: ram, buparvaquone, safety.

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