The effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate concentration on the biochemical composition and gametogenic condition of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus

2006 ◽  
Vol 334 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Hammer ◽  
Brenda Hammer ◽  
Stephen Watts ◽  
Addison Lawrence ◽  
John Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration

The effect of dietary protein on consumption, survival, growth and production of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus

Aquaculture ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 254 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Hammer ◽  
Stephen Watts ◽  
Addison Lawrence ◽  
John Lawrence ◽  
Renee Desmond
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus

scholarly journals Production and economic optimization of dietary protein and carbohydrate in the culture of Juvenile Sea Urchin Lytechinus variegatus

Aquaculture ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 463 ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Heflin ◽  
Robert Makowsky ◽  
J. Christopher Taylor ◽  
Michael B. Williams ◽  
Addison L. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Economic Optimization

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on weight gain and gonad production in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus

Aquaculture ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 358-359 ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Heflin ◽  
Victoria K. Gibbs ◽  
Mickie L. Powell ◽  
Robert Makowsky ◽  
John M. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Gonad Production

Transcription of the Spec 1-like gene of Lytechinus is selectively inhibited in response to disruption of the extracellular matrix

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Wessel ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
C.R. Tomlinson ◽  
W.J. Lennarz ◽  
W.H. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Cdna Clone ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Lytechinus Pictus ◽  
Collagenous Matrix ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
And Control

The influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on differential gene expression during sea urchin development was explored using cell-type-specific cDNA probes. The ECM of three species of sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Lytechinus variegatus and Lytechinus pictus, was disrupted with the lathrytic agent beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), which inhibits collagen deposition in the ECM and arrests gastrulation (Wessel & McClay, Devl Biol. 121: 149, 1987). The levels of several mRNAs (Spec 1, Spec 2, CyIIa actin, CyIIIa actin and collagen in S. purpuratus, and metallothionine, ubiquitin and LpS3 in L. pictus and L. variegatus) were compared in BAPN-treated and control embryos. These mRNAs accumulated normally during BAPN treatment, even though the embryos did not gastrulate. To determine if the expression of any gene product is sensitive to ECM disruption, a differential cDNA screen compared poly (A+) RNA from BAPN-arrested and control embryos in Lytechinus. A cDNA clone was isolated from this screen that represented a 2.1 kb mRNA that did not accumulate during BAPN treatment. Removal of BAPN resulted in the accumulation of this transcript coincident with the onset of gastrulation. This cDNA clone encodes a L. variegatus homologue of LpS1, recently demonstrated to be an ancestral homologue of the aboral ectoderm-specific Spec 1-Spec 2 gene family in S. purpuratus. Nuclear run-on assays in L. pictus suggested that transcriptional activity of LpS1 was selectively inhibited by BAPN treatment. Thus, although the accumulation of many gene products occurred independently of the embryonic collagenous matrix, the accumulation of LpS1 and LvS1 appeared to be mediated by the ECM.

scholarly journals Microinjection of fluorescent tubulin into dividing sea urchin cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Wadsworth ◽  
R D Sloboda
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Image Intensification ◽  
Fluorescent Polymer

To follow the dynamics of microtubule (MT) assembly and disassembly during mitosis in living cells, tubulin has been covalently modified with the fluorochrome 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl)aminofluorescein and microinjected into fertilized eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. The changing distribution of the fluorescent protein probe is visualized in a fluorescence microscope coupled to an image intensification video system. Cells that have been injected with fluorescent tubulin show fluorescent linear polymers that assemble very rapidly and radiate from the spindle poles, coincident with the position of the astral fibers. No fluorescent polymer is apparent in other areas of the cytoplasm. When fluorescent tubulin is injected near the completion of anaphase, little incorporation of fluorescent tubulin into polymer is apparent, suggesting that new polymerization does not occur past a critical point in anaphase. These results demonstrate that MT polymerization is very rapid in vivo and that the assembly is both temporally and spatially regulated within the injected cells. Furthermore, the microinjected tubulin is stable within the sea urchin cytoplasm for at least 1 h since it can be reutilized in successive daughter cell spindles. Control experiments indicate that the observed fluorescence is dependent on MT assembly. The fluorescence is greatly diminished upon treatment of the cells with cold or colchicine agents known to cause the depolymerization of assembled MT. In addition, cells injected with fluorescent bovine serum albumin or assembly-incompetent fluorescent tubulin do not exhibit fluorescence localized in the spindle but rather appear diffusely fluorescent throughout the cytoplasm.

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