Effects of lipid extraction and different collagen extraction methods on archaeological fish bones and its implications for fish bone diagenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 626-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Tsutaya ◽  
Tomonari Takahashi ◽  
Rick J. Schulting ◽  
Takao Sato ◽  
Minoru Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Bone Diagenesis

scholarly journals Biominerals Fossilisation: Fish Bone Diagenesis in Plio–Pleistocene African Hominid Sites of Malawi

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Christiane Denys ◽  
Olga Otero ◽  
Ottmar Kullmer ◽  
Oliver Sandrock ◽  
Timothy G. Bromage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Bird Of Prey ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Fossil Fish ◽  
Ftir Spectrometry ◽  
Bone Diagenesis ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fish fossilisation is relatively poorly known, and skeletal element modifications resulting from predation, burial and diagenesis need to be better investigated. In this article, we aim to provide new results about surface, structural and chemical changes in modern and fossil fish bone. Fossil samples come from two distinct localities of roughly the same age in the Pliocene–Pleistocene Chiwondo Beds adjacent to Lake Malawi. Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were carried out on three categories of fish bones: (i) fresh modern samples collected in the lake, (ii) extracted from modern fish eagle regurgitation pellets, and (iii) fossils from Malema and Mwenirondo localities. A comparison of these data allowed us to detect various modifications of bone surfaces and structure as well as composition changes. Some differences are observed between fresh bones and modern pellets, and between pellets and fossils. Moreover, fossil fish bone surface modifications, crystallinity, and chemical composition from Malema and Mwenirondo differ despite their chronological and spatial proximities (2.5–2.4 Ma, 500 m). In both sites, the post-predation modifications are strong and may hide alterations due to the predation by bird of prey such as the fish eagle. The combination of the used methods is relevant to analyses of diagenetic alterations in fish bones.

scholarly journals Physical Methods of Microalgal Biomass Pretreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Piasecka ◽  
Izabela Krzemińska ◽  
Jerzy Tys
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biomass Pretreatment ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Wet Biomass ◽  
Microwave Techniques

Abstract The prospect of depletion of natural energy resources on the Earth forces researchers to seek and explore new and alternative energy sources. Biomass is a composite resource that can be used in many ways leading to diversity of products. Therefore, microalgal biomass offers great potential. The main aim of this study is to find the best physical method of microalgal biomass pretreatment that guarantees efficient lipid extraction. These studies identifies biochemical composition of microalgal biomass as source for biodisel production. The influence of drying at different temperatures and lyophilization was investigated. In addition, wet and untreated biomass was examined. Cell disruption (sonication and microwave) techniques were used to improve lipid extraction from wet biomass. Additionally, two different extraction methods were carried out to select the best method of crude oil extraction. The results of this study show that wet biomass after sonication is the most suitable for extraction. The fatty acid composition of microalgal biomass includes linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which play a key role in biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Does plain radiography still have a role in cases of fish bone ingestion in emergency rooms? A retrospective analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chi Wu ◽  
Pin-Wen Huang ◽  
Chun-Bin Tung
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Primary Management

Abstract Background Fish bones are the most common aerodigestive foreign bodies found in adults. Most cases of fish bone impaction improve after primary management by emergency physicians with a mirror laryngoscopy using a tongue depressor, before otolaryngologists perform a fiberoptic nasendoscopy. A computed tomography scan usually follows to determine the next step. Studies have recently been concerned about overdoses of radiation from computed tomography. However, clear algorithms remain unavailable for fish bone ingestion management to date. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 180 patients who visited the emergency department with complaints of fish bone impaction between January 2017 and January 2019. Results A total of 81.6% of patients with fish bone impaction got symptomatic relief after primary management by emergency physicians and otolaryngologists. Out of 180 patients, 33 (18.3%) needed an endoscopic procedure due to persistent symptoms. Only one (0.56%) required an operation due to perforation. In the group failing primary management, the plain radiography of eight patients showed a positive finding and an esophagogastroscopy was done to remove the fish bones. Conclusion Lateral neck radiography is still beneficial to patients with fish bone ingestion failure from primary management. Positive lateral soft tissue radiography in cases with persistent symptoms post primary management may directly suggest esophagogastroscopy without confirmation from a computed tomography, unless complications are suspected. For patients aged below 40, following up on their conditions after post management radiography shows negative results may increase their safety.

scholarly journals Penambahan Kalsium Tulang Ikan Kambing-kambing (Abalistes stellaris) pada pakan untuk keberhasilan gastrolisasi udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ade Rizki Restari ◽  
Lia Handayani ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Molting Process ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Recirculation System ◽  
Bone Calcium ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

AbstrakUdang galah mengalami pertumbuhan setelah molting, untuk pengerasan kulit udang membutuhkan kalsium. Tulang ikan kambing-kambing mengandung banyak kalsium sehingga dapat mempercepat proses pengerasan kulit pada udang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penambahan kalsium tulang ikan kambing-kambing dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan frekuensi molting udang galah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan penambahan resirkulasi sebagai media dalam pemeliharaan kualitas air yang perlakuannya sebanyak empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yang terdiri dari A (0% CaO), B(1% CaO), C (2% CaO) dan D (3% CaO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kalsium berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup udang galah yaitu A 90%, B 95%, C 90% dan D 97.5% dan pertumbuhan berat harian pada masing-masing perlakuan yaitu A 1.76 g, B 1.72 g, C 1.60 g, dan D 1.86. Pertumbuhan panjang harian yaitu A 1.23 cm, B 1.26 cm, C 1.23 cm dan D 1.06 cm dengan frekuensi molting udang galah tertinggi yaitu C 0.75 kali/ekor, D 0.63 kali/ekor, A 0.59 kali/ekor dan yang terendah pada perlakuan B 0.45 kali/ekor.Kata kunci: kalsium; kelangsungan hidup; pertumbuhan; udang galahAbstractGiant shrimp growth after the molting process, for hardening shrimp shell requires calcium. Kambing-kambing fish bones contains lots of calcium so that they do accelerate the process of hardening the shell-on shrimp. This study was conducted to detect addition of kambing-kambing fish bone calcium get increase the growth and the molting frequency of giant shrimp. This study used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with additions recirculation system as media a medium in maintaining water quality with four treatments and three replications consist is A (0% CaO), B (1% CaO), C (2% CaO) and dan D (3% CaO). The results showed that real participation in the survival of giant prawns, namely A 90%, B 95%, C 90% dan D 97.5% and daily weight growth in each treatment that is A 1.76 g, B 1.72 g, C 1.60 g, and D 1.86. Daily long growth that is A 1.23 cm, B 1.26 cm, C 1.23 cm and D 1.06 cm by means of molting frequency of giant shrimp has the highest of C 0.75 times/tail, D 0.63 times/individual, A 0.59 times/ individual and the lowest is by treatment B 0.45 times/ individual.Keywords: calcium; survival rate; growth; giant prawn

Biocompatible Hydroxyapatite Derive from Selayang Fish Bone via Mechanochemical Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Ishak Qayyum Afiqah ◽  
Nik Aziz Nik Ali ◽  
Abd Majid Siti Nurhaziqah ◽  
Hasiah Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Phosphate Mineral

Age of monstrous amount of underutilized marine processing byproducts has been perceived as waste and many effort were given to utilize these materials in various application. With an incredible number of study on these byproducts, some compound were identified and apply for human utilization. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the main inorganic calcium phosphate mineral with excellent osteoconductivity, good bioactivity and biocompatibility. The production of HAp powder from synthetic process involves many chemicals with complicated procedures. Due to this matter, the raw HAp powder was extracted from natural sources selayang fish bones. Extortion process started with boiling fish bones to eliminate adherent fish meats. After calcination process fish bone were dried in room temperature before crushed by using grinder to obtain the powder. Next, the powder undergo calcination process at 900°C for 5 hours. The characterization of raw HAp was done via X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis.

scholarly journals Comparing Extraction Methods for Biomarker Steroid Characterisation from Soil and Slurry

2020 ◽  
Vol 231 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Manley ◽  
Adrian L. Collins ◽  
Adrian Joynes ◽  
Per-Erik Mellander ◽  
Phil Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Precious Resource ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Block Experiment

Abstract Clean water is a precious resource, and policies/programmes are implemented worldwide to protect and/or improve water quality. Faecal pollution can be a key contributor to water quality decline causing eutrophication through nutrient enrichment and pathogenic contamination. The robust sourcing of faecal pollutants is important to be able to target the appropriate sector and to engage managers. Biomarker technology has the potential for source confirmation, by using, for example the biomarker suite of steroids. Steroids have been used in the differentiation of human and animal faeces; however, there is no unequivocal extraction technique. Some of the methods used include (i) Soxhlet extraction, (ii) Bligh and Dyer (BD) extraction, and (iii) accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The less costly and time intensive technique of ASE is particularly attractive, but a current research gap concerns further comparisons regarding ASE lipid extraction from soils/slurries compared with the more traditional Soxhlet and BD extractions. Accordingly, a randomised complete block experiment was implemented to assess differences between the three extraction methods, differences between the different sample types, and the interactions between these two factors. Following GC-MS, it was found that there was no significant difference between the results of the steroid extraction methods, regardless of the type of sample used, for the quantity of each steroid extracted. It was concluded that ASE could be used confidently instead of the more established steroid extraction methods, thereby delivering time and cost savings.

scholarly journals Extraction of Lipids from Liquid Biological Samples for High-Throughput Lipidomics

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3192
Author(s):  
Samuel Furse ◽  
Adam J. Watkins ◽  
Albert Koulman
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Mouse Heart ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Chlorinated Solvent ◽  
Aqueous Component ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Extraction of the lipid fraction is a key part of acquiring lipidomics data. High-throughput lipidomics, the extraction of samples in 96w plates that are then run on 96 or 384w plates, has particular requirements that mean special development work is needed to fully optimise an extraction method. Several methods have been published as suitable for it. Here, we test those methods using four liquid matrices: milk, human serum, homogenised mouse liver and homogenised mouse heart. In order to determine the difference in performance of the methods as objectively as possible, we used the number of lipid variables identified, the total signal strength and the coefficient of variance to quantify the performance of the methods. This showed that extraction methods with an aqueous component were generally better than those without for these matrices. However, methods without an aqueous fraction in the extraction were efficient for milk samples. Furthermore, a mixture containing a chlorinated solvent (dichloromethane) appears to be better than an ethereal solvent (tert-butyl methyl ether) for extracting lipids. This study suggests that a 3:1:0.005 mixture of dichloromethane, methanol and triethylammonium chloride, with an aqueous wash, is the most efficient of the currently reported methods for high-throughput lipid extraction and analysis. Further work is required to develop non-aqueous extraction methods that are both convenient and applicable to a broad range of sample types.

Synthesis of Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Snakehead (Channa striata) Fish Bone and its Antibacterial Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Poedji Loekitowati Hariani ◽  
Muryati Muryati ◽  
Muhammad Said ◽  
Salni Salni
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Channa Striata

Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized by coprecipitation method and tested its antibacterial properties. Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized using CaO precursors from snakehead (Channa striata) fish bones and (NH4)2HPO4. The synthesis was carried out with temperature variations of 30, 60, 80, and 100 °C. Antibacterial activity was determined using two types of bacteria, namely gram-positive and gram-negative. The XRD spectra show that the highest peak is hydroxyapatite synthesized at a temperature of 100 °C. Hydroxyapatite produced from various synthesis temperatures has the size of nanoparticles in the range 37.32-49.27 nm. The nano-hydroxyapatite functional groups are characterized using FTIR, the analysis indicate the presence of OH, CO32‒ and PO43‒. The molar ratio Ca/P is obtained of 1.71 approaching theoretical hydroxyapatite of 1.67. The resulted nano-hydroxyapatite has significant antibacterial properties to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Comparison of Conventional and Sustainable Lipid Extraction Methods for the Production of Oil and Protein Isolate from Edible Insect Meal

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laroche ◽  
Perreault ◽  
Marciniak ◽  
Gravel ◽  
Chamberland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Edible Insect

Edible insects represent an interesting alternative source of protein for human consumption but the main hurdle facing the edible insect sector is low consumer acceptance. However, increased acceptance is anticipated when insects are incorporated as a processed ingredient, such as protein-rich powder, rather than presented whole. To produce edible insect fractions with high protein content, a defatting step is necessary. This study investigated the effects of six defatting methods (conventional solvents, three-phase partitioning, and supercritical CO2) on lipid extraction yield, fatty profiles, and protein extraction and purification of house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meals. Ethanol increased the lipid extraction yield (22.7%–28.8%), irrespective of the insect meal used or the extraction method applied. Supercritical CO2 gave similar lipid extraction yields as conventional methods for Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) (22.1%) but was less efficient for Acheta domesticus (A. domesticus) (11.9%). The protein extraction yield ranged from 12.4% to 38.9% for A. domesticus, and from 11.9% to 39.3% for T. molitor, whereas purification rates ranged from 58.3% to 78.5% for A. domesticus and from 48.7% to 75.4% for T. molitor.

Effects of Different Biomass Drying and Lipid Extraction Methods on Algal Lipid Yield, Fatty Acid Profile, and Biodiesel Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. 3048-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid Hussain ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Wilson A. Lopes ◽  
Janice I. Druzian ◽  
Carolina O. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Lipid Yield ◽  
Algal Lipid ◽  
Biodiesel Quality
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