Bergumermeer S-64B (the Netherlands) revisited: some critical remarks on the interpretation of an extensive Late Mesolithic site complex with alleged dwelling structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 946-959
Author(s):  
Marcel J.L.Th. Niekus ◽  
Johan Jelsma ◽  
Chris Luinge
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Late Mesolithic

Pyhtää Susikopinharju (1), Finland: a Site with Mesolithic Dwellings

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 305-334
Author(s):  
Kenneth K.A. Lönnqvist
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
The People ◽  
A Site ◽  
Late Mesolithic

The paper presents the excavations of a Late Mesolithic settlement and the dwelling depressions at Pyhtää Susikopinharju (1), Finland, in 1998. The excavations revealed the first Mesolithic house remains unearthed to date. A rich finds assemblage was also recovered, including unusual amounts of organic material such as refuse fauna and bone tools, and a chert microlith. Parallels for the Stone Age house/hut are found in Scandinavia and the Netherlands. The evidence suggests that the people were in interaction with a world that lay hundreds of kilometres outside their territory.

scholarly journals T-shaped antler axes on the territory of Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vashanov ◽  
Anna Andreevna Malyutina ◽  
Mariya Ivanovna Tkacheva ◽  
Evgenia Sergeevna Tkach
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Local Production ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Late Mesolithic

T-shaped antler axes are widely represented in Western Europe, both by occasional findings and materials from well researched settlements. This type of axe is most often found on the Ertebelle culture sites in Denmark and on the northern coast of Germany. Products of this type are also known in the context of the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic settlements in the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium. At the time of writing, 21 T-shaped antler axes are known in Belarus, as well as their production waste. The tools come from 11 locations. All locations are situated in western Belarus, in the basins of the Western Bug and Neman rivers. The presented artefacts have been found accidentally in river channels or in the coastal, often flooded zone. The locations do not have a clearly defined cultural and chronological context. In the location of Mikhnevichi, a few specific axe production wastes of this type have been discovered, indicating the existence of local production of these tools. In this connection, the authors of the study have suggested that there should be a connection between antler T-axes and Neolithic forest cultures of western Belarus. The paper presents the results of a complex analysis of T-shaped antler axes from the territory of Belarus with a detailed description of each artifact. Most of the materials are published for the first time.

Cremation Burials of Stone Age Hunter-Gatherers on the European Plain

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-45
Author(s):  
Karolina Bugajska
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Independent Origin ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Western European ◽  
Local Hunter ◽  
Late Mesolithic

Cremation burials of Stone Age hunter-gatherers were found at 21 sites across the European Plain (including southern Scandinavia). In total, there are 54 graves and deposits containing bones of at least 89 individuals. Sites with Mesolithic cremations are unevenly spread over the European Plain and there are some regions where this type of burial was more common, such as the Seine Valley and the Low Countries, southern Scandinavia or north-eastern Poland. In all of these regions, the oldest burials are dated to the Early Mesolithic, which indicates a parallel and independent origin of this custom. Moreover, each region or even cemetery has its own features of the cremation rite. In both the Western European Plain and southern Scandinavia, most burials are dated to the Middle Mesolithic and there are only a few examples linked to the Late Mesolithic. North-eastern Poland, including the Dudka cemetery, is probably the only region where cremation was practised on a wider scale in the Late Mesolithic and para-Neolithic. The share of cremations among all burial types differs between regions and cemeteries. It was probably a dominant practice in the Middle Mesolithic in the Netherlands. In other cases, cremation probably involved a large part of the local hunter-gatherer society, for instance at the Dudka cemetery in Masuria or in the Middle Mesolithic of Vedbæk Fiord (Zealand), whereas at the cemeteries in Skateholm it amounted to only a few percent, suggesting that it was practised in the case of the deceased of particular status or in unusual circumstances only.

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