Archaeological spatial analysis and GIS in a small fortification: Ephemeral occupations along the border during the ‘Conquest of Desert’ process in Argentinean Pampas (19th Century)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 679-688
Author(s):  
Alfredo Maximiano Castillejo ◽  
Facundo Gómez Romero ◽  
Carlos Landa ◽  
Camilo Barcia García
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
19Th Century

scholarly journals Export of Goods from an Agrarian Region: Network and Geoinformation Analysis of Bank Payments in Orlovskaya Guberniya in the Second Half of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-160
Author(s):  
Sofya Salomatina ◽  
Irina Markovna Garskova ◽  
Timur Yakubovich Valetov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Interregional Trade ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Money Flows ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes money flows associated with agricultural products exports from Orlovskaya Guberniya which help the authors to trace the geography of incomes from interregional trade and conclude about the economic changes in this agrarian region. The source base is statistics of interregional bank transfers, loans against goods transported by railways and bills of exchange with the payment outside the guberniya. These statistics refer to the Oryol Commercial Bank and the Oryol and Yelets branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in 1868, 1878, 1888 and 1898. Network and spatial analysis are applied to these data. To interpret the results the authors use narrative sources telling about the economical state of Orlovskaya Gubernia. The study concludes that the Riga-Oryol railway that assigned the gubeniya the interregional trade status partially lost its importance in 1890 as far as exports from the Black Earth Region are concerned. This led to more diversified form of profits based on agricultural products trade. Big money flows from St. Petersburg and Moscow can be explained not only by payment for goods but also by broader ties of the guberniya with the capitals. The latter fact requires further study. Exports to the southern regions of European Russia were less important and those to the east were negligible. In the 1890s many new interregional railways stimulated sharp trade increase within the Central Black Earth Region, but this phenomenon of regional development has also been poorly studied.

EMF—a 19th-Century mistake

IEE Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Michael V. Worstall
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

The Kitajskaja grammatika (1835) and Bičurin’s ideas on the “mechanism” of Chinese between European and Chinese grammatical traditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77
Author(s):  
Anna Di Toro
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Early 19Th Century

The main contribution of Bičurin in the field of Chinese language, the Kitajskaja grammatika (1835), is still quite understudied, even though it represents the first grammar of Chinese written in Russian. Through a rapid overview of some of the early grammars of Chinese written by European authors and the analysis of some sections of the book, in which the Russian sinologist expounds the mechanism of Chinese, the paper dwells on the original ideas on this language developed by the Russian sinologist, inspired both by European and Chinese grammatical traditions. A particular attention is devoted to Bičurin’s concept of “mental modification”, related to the linguistic ideas discussed in Europe in the early 19th century.

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