Plant-based subsistence strategies and development of complex societies in Neolithic Northeast China: Evidence from grinding stones

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Neil A. Duncan ◽  
Xingcan Chen ◽  
Ping Ji
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Grinding Stones

Dams, moats, and cities: climate and societies in late-Holocene China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 295-318
Author(s):  
Yijie Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Early States ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Huai River ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Land Water

Whilst the late-Holocene climate was becoming drier with an increasing number of climatic anomalies, with notably more frequent fluctuations in summer rainfall on an annual or decadal scale, many walled sites or cities emerged and became regional centres that witnessed population agglomeration and technological flowering. To feed their growing populations and their increasing demands on land, water, food, and other resources, these �cities� were drawn closer physically to riverine environments and wetlands. By diversifying and intensifying their subsistence strategies, and constructing infrastructure on a colossal scale, these late-Holocene walled towns or cities also fundamentally transformed their local landscapes. Examining key sites from the Huai river and the Yangtze Delta, this paper will compare the dynamic interactions between society, landscape, and the environment under different socio-economic conditions across different regions of late-Holocene China and investigate how these factors influenced and led to the emergence of complex societies or early states.

Communities, Settlements, Sites, and Surveys: Regional-Scale Analysis of Prehistoric Human Interaction

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian E. Peterson ◽  
Robert D. Drennan
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Field Data Collection ◽  
Collection Strategies

The study of developing complex societies can fruitfully focus on the human interactions that define communities, which have always been at the heart of settlement pattern research. Yet little attention has been paid to how communities of varying scales can actually be identified in archaeological survey data. Most often sites have simply been assumed to correspond to communities, although this practice has been criticized. Methods are offered to delineate communities at different scales systematically in survey data, and their implications for field data collection strategies are explored comparatively for cases from northeast China, Mesoamerica, and the northern Andes.

Beyond the Nasca Lines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Conlee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Ideas

Beyond the Nasca Lines examines the origin, rise, fall, and reformation of complex societies through investigations conducted at the archaeological site of La Tiza in the desert of Nasca, Peru. La Tiza was inhabited for over 5000 years and has the longest occupation of any settlement in the region, providing an unprecedented opportunity to examine the dynamics of ancient complex societies. Although the region is famous for the Nasca Lines (ground drawing on the desert floor) that were created by the Nasca culture (A.D. 100–650), many societies thrived in the region before and after that period. From hunters and gatherers of the Middle Preceramic (ca. 3500 B.C.) to the Inca empire (ca. A.D. 1450), the transformation of society is documented with a particular focus on the cycle of the rise of the Nasca culture, subsequent conquest by the Wari state followed by collapse and abandonment, and then the establishment of a new society in the Late Intermediate Period (ca. A.D. 1200). Many factors were involved in these shifts, and included the organization of kinship groups, shifts in subsistence strategies, influxes of immigrants and new ideas, religious movements, climate change, trade and social networks, and external imperial policies. This book is unique from previous studies in Nasca in that it takes a diachronic perspective and addresses the long prehistory of the region from the perspective of a particular site.

Assessment of viral assemblages in different types of wetland water in northeast China using RAPD-PCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Y Sun ◽  
J Liu ◽  
Q Yao ◽  
J Jin ◽  
X Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Viral Community ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Wetland Water ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Viral Communities

Viruses are the most abundant and ubiquitous biological entities in various ecosystems, yet few investigations of viral communities in wetlands have been performed. To address this data gap, water samples from 6 wetlands were randomly collected across northeast China; viruses in the water were concentrated by sequential tangential flow filtration, and viral communities were assessed through randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) with 4 decamer oligonucleotide primers. Principal coordinate analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis of the DNA fingerprints showed that viral community compositions differed among the water samples: communities in the 2 coastal wetlands were more similar to each other than to those in the 4 freshwater wetlands. The Shannon-Weaver index (H) and evenness index (E) of the RAPD-PCR fingerprint also differed among the 6 wetlands. Mantel test revealed that the changes in viral communities in wetland water were most closely related to the water NH4+-N and inorganic C content, followed by total K, P, C and NO3--N. DNA sequence analysis of the excised bands revealed that viruses accounted for ~40% of all sequences. Among the hit viral homologs, the majority belonged to the Microviridae. Moreover, variance partitioning analysis showed that the viral community contributed 24.58% while environmental factors explained 30.56% of the bacterial community variation, indicating that the bacterial community composition was strongly affected by both viral community and water variables. This work provides an initial outline of the viral communities from different types of wetlands in northeast China and improves our understanding of the viral diversity in these ecosystems.

Observed changes in shallow soil temperatures in Northeast China, 1960-2007

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Liu ◽  
L Wang ◽  
B Liu ◽  
M Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Multi-index drought characteristics in Songhua River basin, Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Faiz ◽  
D Liu ◽  
Q Fu ◽  
F Baig ◽  
AA Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Songhua River ◽  
Multi Index ◽  
Songhua River Basin ◽  
Drought Characteristics
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