Coloured materials used in Elephantine: Evolution and continuity from the Old Kingdom to the Roman Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Pagès-Camagna ◽  
Dietrich Raue
Keyword(s):  
Roman Period ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Materials Used

Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 794-808
Author(s):  
Sandra Lippert
Keyword(s):  
Roman Period ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Law Courts

The chapter gives a brief diachronic survey of ancient Egyptian law, covering the period from the Old Kingdom to the Third Intermediate (c.2686–664 bc). The article provides discussion of what we know about ancient Egyptian law during the pharaonic period, including legal regulations and practices that can be assembled from various textual sources; types and uses of legal documents; and the composition and workings of law courts. [Note that coverage of Egyptian law from the Twenty-sixth Dynasty to the Roman period (c.664 bc–ad 394) is provided in another OHO article—Lippert 2016, for details of which, see the bibliography.]

Aqueducts in the Hellenic area during the Roman period

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
E. Mavromati ◽  
L. Chryssaidis
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Since their very beginnings, organized societies have been concerned with the preservation and improvement of their environment and natural resources as these were the basis of their wellbeing and survival. In pursuing this goal, many civilizations have constructed admirable technical and infrastructural works. To most of us, however, the society that stands out for its particular preoccupation and special widespread achievements in this field is the Roman Empire which actively demonstrated great interest for its cities and the providing for their everyday basic livelihood needs. The creation of most urban centres was combined with the construction of aqueducts, water supply and wastewater systems. During the Roman occupation period (200 BC–300 AD) of the Hellenic world, many cities within the region expanded and new urban centres were created. Substantial steps were taken to upgrade the urban landscape and to improve their living conditions. This was connected with water supply and wastewater systems, comprising aqueducts, water towers and underground pipe systems. The investigation of the criteria that determined engineers' design choices for aqueducts, methods and processes of construction, techniques and materials used - as these are revealed through the archaeological excavations and relics - testify to the environmental approach and the maintenance perception of the Roman period.

Ist ḥśjw-mw „Wasserzauber“ ein ‚Älteres Kompositum‘? Untersuchungen zu einem terminus technicus der ägyptischen lingua magica

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 77-129
Author(s):  
Roman Gundacker
Keyword(s):  
Roman Period ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Country Life ◽  
Formed Part

“Is ḥśjw-mw ‘water conjuration’ an ‘Älteres Kompositum’? Investigations into a terminus technicus of the Egyptian lingua magica” - Starting in the Old Kingdom, depictions of the work and dangers of herdsmen, who ford cattle and ward off crocodiles with magical gestures, formed part of the motif repertoire of country life and agriculture in many commoners’ tombs. The textual counterparts of such scenes are mentioned in seven literary, magical and religious texts from the Middle Kingdom to the Graeco-Roman Period. Regardless of the unity of meaning and context, the terminus technicus denoting those conjurations directed against crocodiles is written in three essentially different ways as ḥśjw-mw (Tale of a Herdsman, Hymn to Amun in Papyrus Leiden I 350, Cairo Love Songs, a magical papyrus in Budapest, Florentine Mythological Handbook), ḥśjw-m-mw (CT 836) and śḥśjw-m-mw (Magical Papyrus Harris). When compared to graphic peculiarities of ‘Ältere Komposita’, ḥśjw-m-mw (CT 836) and śḥśjw-m-mw (Magical Papyrus Harris) can be identified as phonetic writings, and the attestation in the Tale of a Herdsman, which exhibits the peculiar insertion of a “boat” (Gardiner P.1), as an unetymological writing. Consequently, all seven tokens can be assigned to a single morphological pattern, ḥśjw-mw ‘water conjuration’, which, tentatively, can be revocalised *ḥĭśjắw-măw.

scholarly journals Raising the Pole for Min in the Temple of Isis at Shanhūr

2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Minas-Nerpel ◽  
Marleen De Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Roman Period ◽  
Unique Element ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Temple

SummaryThis article presents the translation and commentary of two unpublished offering scenes from the eastern and western external walls of the Roman period temple at Shanhūr. Pharaoh Claudius (41-54 CE) raises the pole for Min’s cult chapel and presents lettuce to the same god in the corresponding scene. The pole-raising scene is quite exceptional for many reasons, but mainly because a specific date is mentioned for this ritual, a unique element in all known pole-raising scenes so far, which enables us to date a local Min festival. The appendix provides a chronological and up-to-date overview of all known thirty-two pole-raising scenes from the Old Kingdom to the Roman Period.

The Silchester ogham stone: a reconsideration

Antiquity ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (211) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fulford ◽  
Bruce Sellwood
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The City

A recent re-examination of the architectural and other sculpted stone fragments from Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum) drew attention to the small sandstone column on which is scored an ogham inscription. The commonest materials used for columns, capitals and ornamental sculpture at Silchester are the fine Jurassic limestones of Bath or Portland type. A very few pieces are carved intertiary sandstones or imported marble. This is the pattern for architectural masonry throughout southern England in the Roman period; limestone predominates and sandstone, usually greensand, is rare. On visual examination the particular stone with the ogham appears to be different from that of the other architectural fragments in the Silchester collection. It should also be noted that no similar material has so far been identified in the city wall or amongst any of the other ordinary building materials recovered from the Roman town. On the basis of visual examination alone it has been suggested that the stone originated from the calcareous grit of the Oxfordshire Corallian (Boon 1959, 87), but doubts about this identification led us to a more searching investigation to ascertain the character and source of the stone. Before introducing these analyses and their results it will be useful to summarize our present knowledge of the Silchester ogham. In this way the implications of the new results can be more satisfactorily appreciated.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

High Voltage Transmission Microscopy of Surveyor III Camera Shrouds

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
W. R. Duff ◽  
L. E. Thomas ◽  
R. M. Fisher ◽  
S. V. Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Television Camera ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microstructural Effects ◽  
Lunar Environment ◽  
Successful Retrieval ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Abrasive Paper

Successful retrieval of the television camera and other components from the Surveyor III spacecraft by the Apollo 12 astronauts has provided a unique opportunity to study the effects of a known and relatively extensive exposure to the lunar environment. Microstructural effects including those produced by micro-meteorite impact, radiation damage (by both the solar wind and cosmic rays) and solar heating might be expected in the materials used to fabricate the spacecraft. Samples received were in the form of 1 cm2 of painted unpainted aluminum alloy sheet from the top of the camera visor (JPL Code 933) and the sides (935,936) and bottom (934) of the lower camera shroud. They were prepared for transmission electron microscopy by first hand-grinding with abrasive paper to a thickness of 0.006". The edges were lacquered and the sample electropolished in 10% perchloric methanol using the “window” method, to a thickness of ~0.001". Final thinning was accomplished by polishing 3 mm punched disks in an acetic-phosphoric-nitric acid solution.

Structure-property relationships of PE/PP sandwiched films

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
J. Petermann ◽  
G. Broza ◽  
U. Rieck ◽  
A. Jaballah ◽  
A. Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Ionic Crystals ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Oriented Films ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Polymer Laminates ◽  
Heated Glass

Oriented overgrowth of polymer materials onto ionic crystals is well known and recently it was demonstrated that this epitaxial crystallisation can also occur in polymer/polymer systems, under certain conditions. The morphologies and the resulting physical properties of such systems will be presented, especially the influence of epitaxial interfaces on the adhesion of polymer laminates and the mechanical properties of epitaxially crystallized sandwiched layers.Materials used were polyethylene, PE, Lupolen 6021 DX (HDPE) and 1810 D (LDPE) from BASF AG; polypropylene, PP, (PPN) provided by Höchst AG and polybutene-1, PB-1, Vestolen BT from Chemische Werke Hüls. Thin oriented films were prepared according to the method of Petermann and Gohil, by winding up two different polymer films from two separately heated glass-plates simultaneously with the help of a motor driven cylinder. One double layer was used for TEM investigations, while about 1000 sandwiched layers were taken for mechanical tests.

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