scholarly journals Marco Gonzalez, Ambergris Caye, Belize: A geoarchaeological record of ground raising associated with surface soil formation and the presence of a Dark Earth

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Macphail ◽  
Elizabeth Graham ◽  
John Crowther ◽  
Simon Turner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Ambergris Caye

scholarly journals Past and Future Earth: Archaeology and Soil Studies on Ambergris Caye, Belize

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Graham ◽  
Richard I. Macphail ◽  
John Crowther ◽  
Simon Turner ◽  
Julia Stegemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Amazonian Dark Earths ◽  
Anthropogenic Deposits ◽  
Ambergris Caye ◽  
Coral Islands

Marco Gonzalez is one of a number of Maya sites on Belize’s coast and cayes (coral islands) that exhibit anomalous vegetation and dark-coloured soils. Like Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs), the soils are sought locally for cultivation and are underlain by anthropogenic deposits. Our research is aimed at assessing the role of the anthropogenic deposits in soil formation processes with a view to developing strategies to quantify the long-term environmental impact of human activities today.

Stratigraphy and genesis of five superposed paleosols in pre-Wisconsinan drift on Mokowan Butte, southwestern Alberta

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Karlstrom
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Paleomagnetic Data ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Regional Correlation ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Soil Age ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Five paleosols in five superposed diamicts (probably tills) on Mokowan Butte permit subdivision of pre-Wisconsinan drift and a description of Quaternary and probably late Tertiary soil-forming environments. The surface soil and upper two buried paleosols (soils 5, 4, and 3, respectively) have strongly developed, 1–5 m thick, leached, reddish, clay-rich (20–48% clay), argillic horizons overlying indurated petrocalcic, calcic, or leached B horizons. The lower two buried paleosols (soils 2 and 1) are strongly developed and have 40–150 cm thick, clay-rich (18–49% clay) argillic horizons over calcic, petrocalcic, or leached B horizons. Based on their resemblance to Paleudalfs, Paleustalfs, or Palexerults, soils 5, 4, and 3 probably formed under interglacial climates that were moister and at least 6 °C warmer than the present. Properties of soil 2 (Petrocalcic Paleustalf) and soil 1 (Typic Croboralf) imply soil formation under warm, semi-arid climates and a modern type of climate, respectively. Estimates of soil age based on degree of soil formation, paleomagnetic data, and regional correlation with dated glacial chronologies suggest soils 5 and 4 are in middle and early Pleistocene tills (= early Illinoian or Kansan and Nebraskan?), respectively, and soils 3, 2, and 1 are in late Pliocene till or diamict.

Soils and surface water quality in northeastern Scotland

1987 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm S. Cresser ◽  
Kenneth B. Pugh ◽  
Anthony C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Water Acidification ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Biotic Effects

ABSTRACTThe nature of soil-water interactions is discussed in the context of both soil formation and drainage water chemistry. The interacting factors regulating drainage water chemistry are then briefly considered, including soil type and parent material, soil atmosphere CO2 concentration, hydrological pathways, soluble salts, topography, climate and biotic effects. Based upon these factors, some sites in NE Scotland thought to be highly susceptible to water acidification are examined, and the low pH of their waters is confirmed. The acidity trends of two superficially similar streams apparently less at risk are compared, and the differences explained in terms of sub-surface soil characteristics. The possible impacts of both afforestation and of acidifying pollutants on water pH are considered briefly where appropriate.

Relation between soil temperature and biophysical parameters in Indian mustard seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Adak ◽  
N.V.K. Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature

Abstract Temporal changes in surface soil temperature were studied in winter crop. Significant changes in bare and cropped soil temperature were revealed. Air temperature showed a statistically positive and strong relationship (R2 = 0.79** to 0.92**) with the soil temperature both at morning and afternoon hours. Linear regression analysis indicated that each unit increase in ambient temperature would lead to increase in minimum and maximum soil temperatures by 1.04 and 1.02 degree, respectively. Statistically positive correlation was revealed among biophysical variables with the cumulative surface soil temperature. Linear and non-linear regression analysis indicated 62-69, 72-86 and 72-80% variation in Leaf area index, dry matter production and heat use efficiency in Indian mustard crop as a function of soil degree days. Below 60% variation in yield in Indian mustard was revealed as a function of soil temperature. In contrast, non-significant relationship between oil content and soil temperature was found, which suggests that oil accumulation in oilseed crops was not affected significantly by the soil temperature as an independent variable.

Contributions to the Knowledge of Sandy Soils from Oltenia Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Anca-Luiza Stanila ◽  
Catalin Cristian Simota ◽  
Mihail Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Wind Characteristic ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Highlighting the sandy soil of Oltenia Plain calls for a better knowledge of their variability their correlation with major natural factors from each physical geography. Pedogenetic processes specific sandy soils are strongly influenced by nature parent material. This leads, on the one hand, climate aridity of the soil due to strong heating and accumulation of small water reserves, consequences emphasizing the moisture deficit in the development of the vegetation and favoring weak deflation, and on the other hand, an increase in mineralization organic matter. Relief under wind characteristic sandy land, soil formation and distribution has some particularly of flat land with the land formed on the loess. The dune ridges are less evolved soils, profile underdeveloped and poorly supplied with nutrients compared to those on the slopes of the dunes and the interdune, whose physical and chemical properties are more favorable to plant growth.Both Romanati Plain and the Blahnita (Mehedinti) Plain and Bailesti Plain, sand wind shaped covering a finer material, loamy sand and even loess (containing up to 26% clay), also rippled with negative effects in terms of overall drainage. Depending on the pedogenetic physical and geographical factors that have contributed to soil cover, in the researched were identified following classes of soils: protisols, cernisols, cambisols, luvisols, hidrisols and antrosols.Obtaining appropriate agricultural production requires some land improvement works (especially fitting for irrigation) and agropedoameliorative works. Particular attention should be paid to preventing and combating wind erosion.

Historical Footnote—Factors of Soil Formation

Soil Horizons ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simonson Roy W.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Factors Of Soil Formation
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