Smaller fragment size facilitates energy-efficient bone grease production

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to describe the involvement of the lesser sigmoid notch in fractures to the coronoid process. We hypothesized that injuries to the lateral aspect of the coronoid process regularly involve the annular ligament insertion at the anterior lesser sigmoid notch. Material and Methods Patients treated for a coronoid process fracture at our institution between 06/2011 and 07/2018 were included. We excluded patients < 18 years, patients with arthritic changes or previous operative treatment to the elbow, and patients with concomitant injuries to the proximal ulna. In patients with involvement of the lesser sigmoid notch, the coronoid height and fragment size (anteroposterior, mediolateral, and craniocaudal) were measured. Results Seventy-two patients (mean age: 47 years ± 17.6) could be included in the study. Twenty-one patients (29.2%) had a fracture involving the lateral sigmoid notch. The mean anteroposterior fragment length was 7 ± 1.6 mm. The fragment affected a mean of 43 ± 10.8% of the coronoid height. The mean mediolateral size of the fragment was 10 ± 5.0 mm, and the mean cranio-caudal size was 7 ± 2.7 mm. Conclusion Coronoid fractures regularly include the lesser sigmoid notch. These injuries possibly affect the anterior annular ligament insertion which is important for the stability of the proximal radioulnar joint and varus stability of the elbow.

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Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-189135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 8139-8147

Author(s):

Ranganathan Arun ◽

Rangaswamy Balamurugan

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Residual Energy ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Second Stage ◽

Energy Efficient Clustering ◽

Two Stages ◽

Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

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A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology ◽

10.32628/cseit183810 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

Yugashree Bhadane ◽

Pooja Kadam

Keyword(s):

Routing Protocol ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Key Management ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Base Station ◽

Secure Routing ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Management Schemes ◽

Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

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CONCEPTUAL POSITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF EXISTING INEFFICIENT DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS

Energy Technologies & Resource Saving ◽

10.33070/etars.2.2017.02 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 11-21

Author(s):

Ye.Ye. Nikitin

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Mutual Influence ◽

District Heating ◽

Current Status ◽

Cognitive Approach ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Energy Management Systems ◽

Current State ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

District Heating Systems

The current situation in the sphere of district heating is analysed on the basis of use of the cognitive approach. The presence of closed chains of cause-effect relationships of negative factors and conflicts of target settings of the subjects in the field of district heating is shown. The conceptual model of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems is proposed. This model includes indicators of the current status of heat sources, networks and heat consumers, energetic and economic models, restrictions, procedure of forming and analysis of the mutual influence of the recommended projects. The quantitative data on indicators of the current state of district heating systems of the cities of Ukraine are presented. The interrelation between indicators of the current state and projects of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems is shown. Assessment of energy self-sufficiency of municipal district heating systems on condition of thermal modernization of buildings is carried out. The creation of energy management systems at the district heating enterprises is proposed. Bib. 6, Fig. 7, Tab. 5.

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17. Design and Development of a Low-Flow, Energy Efficient Fume Hood Using Engineering Controls and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

10.3320/1.2759017 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

S. Kotha ◽

R. Ryan ◽

D. Walters

Keyword(s):

Fluid Dynamics ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Low Flow ◽

Fume Hood ◽

Design And Development ◽

Engineering Controls ◽

Flow Energy ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

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Analysis Criteria for Choosing Energy Efficient High-Quality Light Sources and Luminaires

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2017-007 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Gennady Ya. Vagin ◽

Eugene B. Solntsev ◽

Oleg Yu. Malafeev

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

National Standards ◽

Light Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

High Quality ◽

Eu Directive ◽

The World ◽

A New Technique ◽

Energy Labelling

The article analyses critera applying to the choice of energy efficient high quality light sources and luminaires, which are used in Russian domestic and international practice. It is found that national standards GOST P 54993–2012 and GOST P 54992– 2012 contain outdated criteria for determining indices and classes of energy efficiency of light sources and luminaires. They are taken from the 1998 EU Directive #98/11/EU “Electric lamps”, in which LED light sources and discharge lamps of high intensity were not included. A new Regulation of the European Union #874/2012/EU on energy labelling of electric lamps and luminaires, in which these light sources are taken into consideration, contains a new technique of determining classes of energy efficiency and new, higher classes are added. The article has carried out a comparison of calculations of the energy efficiency classes in accordance with GOST P 54993 and with Regulation #874/2012/EU, and it is found out that a calculation using GOST P 54993 gives underrated energy efficiency classes. This can lead to interdiction of export for certain light sources and luminaires, can discredit Russian domestic manufacturer light sources and does not correspond to the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

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