Late horizon silver, copper, and tin from Machu Picchu, Peru

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gordon ◽  
Robert Knopf
Keyword(s):  
Machu Picchu ◽  
Silver Copper ◽  
Late Horizon

scholarly journals WHEN DID THE INCAS BUILD MACHU PICCHU AND ITS SATELLITE SITES? NEW APPROCHES BASED ON RADIOCARBON DATING

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mariusz Ziółkowski ◽  
Jose Bastante Abuhadba ◽  
Alan Hogg ◽  
Dominika Sieczkowska ◽  
Andrzej Rakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Machu Picchu ◽  
Late Horizon ◽  
New Research

ABSTRACT According to the classical chronology of the Inca State, the ascension to power of Pachacuti Inca took place around AD 1438 and the construction of Machu Picchu began by AD 1450–1460. However, the improvement in the accuracy of radiocarbon (14C) dating resulting from the application of Bayesian analysis has changed our view of the historical chronology. This new research raises questions about our understanding of the cultural development of the Machu Picchu area, in the light of the new proposed chronological scheme. This paper presents a set of 11 new 14C dates, derived from AMS, from the sites of Llaqta of Machu Picchu, Chachabamba, and Choqesuysuy. The latter two sites are situated within the Machu Picchu National Archaeological Park (Arqueología del Santuario Histórico Nacional y Sitio Patrimonio Mundial de Machu Picchu) and have been interpreted as being part of the contemporary Late Horizon Inca landscape. The new 14C ages are modeled using Bayesian inference and present a revised dating framework for these sites and their chronological relationship with Llaqta of Machu Picchu.

The Work of Metallurgical Artificers at Machu Picchu, Peru

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Rutledge ◽  
Robert B. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Machu Picchu ◽  
Silver Copper ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

The 168 metal artifacts collected at Machu Picchu in 1912 by Hiram Bingham have been examined for evidence that metallurgical artificers worked at this site in pre-Columbian times. Fifteen artifacts have been identified as metal stock, work in progress, or waste materials from metallurgical processes. Bronze was made by alloying metallic tin and copper and was cast into both finished objects and stock for subsequent forging. Hammering was done with stone tools, but bronze chisels were also in use. Silver-copper alloys were worked, but this material was not held to compositional limits as close as those for bronze. No alloys containing arsenic and relatively little evidence of the use of sheet metal were found.

CONSIL 901

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Silver Copper ◽  
Contact Devices ◽  
Resistance To Wear

Abstract CONSIL 901 is the most commonly used of the silver-copper electrical contact alloys. It has higher hardness and better resistance to wear than fine silver. It is used widely for light and medium-duty applications involving electrical-contact devices. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, forming, heat treating, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ag-9. Producer or source: Handy & Harman.

From Stonehenge to Samarkand

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Ancient Civilization ◽  
Machu Picchu ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Silk Road

Ever since Roman tourists scratched graffiti on the pyramids and temples of Egypt over two thousand years ago, people have traveled far and wide seeking the great wonders of antiquity. In From Stonehenge to Samarkand, noted archaeologist and popular writer Brian Fagan offers an engaging historical account of our enduring love of ancient architecture--the irresistible impulse to visit strange lands in search of lost cities and forgotten monuments. Here is a marvelous history of archaeological tourism, with generous excerpts from the writings of the tourists themselves. Readers will find Herodotus describing the construction of Babylon; Edward Gibbon receiving inspiration for his seminal work while wandering through the ruins of the Forum in Rome; Gustave Flaubert watching the sunrise from atop the Pyramid of Cheops. We visit Easter Island with Pierre Loti, Machu Picchu with Hiram Bingham, Central Africa with David Livingstone. Fagan describes the early antiquarians, consumed with a passionate and omnivorous curiosity, pondering the mysteries of Stonehenge, but he also considers some of the less reputable figures, such as the Earl of Elgin, who sold large parts of the Parthenon to the British Museum. Finally, he discusses the changing nature of archaeological tourism, from the early romantic wanderings of the solitary figure, communing with the departed spirits of Druids or Mayans, to the cruise-ship excursions of modern times, where masses of tourists are hustled through ruins, barely aware of their surroundings. From the Holy Land to the Silk Road, the Yucatán to Angkor Wat, Fagan follows in the footsteps of the great archaeological travelers to retrieve their first written impressions in a book that will delight anyone fascinated with the landmarks of ancient civilization.

Statewide Estimates of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, and Zinc

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. McCammon ◽  
David H. Root ◽  
Paul G. Schruben
Keyword(s):  
Silver Copper ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Undiscovered Deposits ◽  
Copper Lead
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