scholarly journals Glycemic Control and Insulin Improve Muscle Mass and Gait Speed in Type 2 Diabetes: The MUSCLES-DM Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Sugimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Ikegami ◽  
Yasunori Takata ◽  
Tomohiro Katsuya ◽  
Masahiro Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed

scholarly journals Effect of an Enriched Protein Drink on Muscle Mass and Glycemic Control during Combined Lifestyle Intervention in Older Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-Blind RCT

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Robert G. Memelink ◽  
Wilrike J. Pasman ◽  
Anke Bongers ◽  
Anita Tump ◽  
Annemieke van Ginkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Oral Glucose

Background: Weight loss is key to treatment of older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, but also a risk for muscle mass loss. This study investigated whether a whey protein drink enriched with leucine and vitamin D could preserve muscle mass and improve glycemic control during combined lifestyle intervention in this population. Methods: 123 older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized into a 13-week lifestyle intervention with dietary advice and exercise, receiving either the enriched protein drink (test) or an isocaloric control (control). Muscle mass was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and glycemic control by oral glucose tolerance test. Statistical analyses were performed using a linear mixed model. Results: There was a nonsignificant increase in leg muscle mass (+0.28 kg; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.56) and a significant increase in appendicular muscle mass (+0.36 kg; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.71) and total lean mass (+0.92 kg; 95% CI, 0.19 to 1.65) in test vs. control. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) also increased in test vs. control (+0.52; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.97). Conclusions: Use of an enriched protein drink during combined lifestyle intervention shows beneficial effects on muscle mass and glycemic control in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Muscle strength, an independent determinant of glycemic control in older adults with long-standing type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Kyung Koo ◽  
Seoil Moon ◽  
Min Kyong Moon
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Muscle Quality

Abstract Background Although the proportion of older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased, few studies have reported the factors affecting glucose levels in older patients with long-standing T2DM. This study assessed the determinants of glycemic control in older adults with T2DM of a duration of ≥10 years, including muscle mass, muscle quality, and β-cell function. Methods This was a prospective study of older patients aged ≥60 years with a T2DM duration of ≥10 years. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index, handgrip strength (HGS), and body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis were assessed. The primary outcome was a composite of: (i) increment of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from the baseline ≥0.6% and (ii) HbA1c ≥ 9% at any time point during the follow-up period. To find the predicting determinants of the outcome, we performed the Cox proportional hazard analysis. Results Among 100 patients (mean age, 64.0 ± 8.6 years; median duration of diabetes, 20 [interquartile range (IQR), 17–23] years; median HbA1c at baseline, 7.1 [IQR, 6.7–7.4] %), the primary outcome was observed in 40 (40.0%) patients during 4.0 (IQR 2.3–5.0) years of follow-up. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, baseline HbA1c, obesity, duration of DM and anti-diabetic medication at baseline showed that low HGS and insulin resistance at the baseline were independent determinants of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.23 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–4.72] and 2.39 [95% CI, 1.18–4.83], respectively). Sex stratification confirmed that HGS and muscle mass were independent determinants of the primary outcome only in women (HR per quartile, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.37–0.93] and 0.46 [95% CI, 0.25–0.85], respectively). `. Conclusions Low HGS and insulin resistance were independent risk factors for aggravated glycemic control among older patients with long standing T2DM.

scholarly journals Irisin Precursor FNDC5 and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A471-A471
Author(s):  
Felipe Rodrigues Lima Mágero ◽  
Larissa Frazao Vasconcellos ◽  
Larissa Frazão ◽  
Francisco Bandeira
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Abstract Introduction: Irisin is a newly discovered myokine whose expression is induced by exercise and PGC1α. Studies have reported its action on adipose tissue cells, leading to their “browning,” and consequent increase in energy expenditure and thermogenesis. In the first description of this hormone, which is a product of cleavage of its precursor (protein 5 containing fibronectin type III domain), elevated irisin levels were associated with improved insulin sensitivity, weight reduction, and better glucose tolerance in animal models. Hence, studies have tried to characterize the role of irisin in glucose regulation, with controversial results. Muscle mass has been a good predictor of irisin circulation in humans and, because it is predominantly synthesized and secreted by skeletal muscle, its use as a potential biomarker of sarcopenia has been investigated. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum FNDC5 levels according to clinical and metabolic parameters as well as muscle mass from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Body composition was evaluated by Dual X-ray absortptiometry (DXA) and multifrequency Bioelectric Impedance (BIA) and FNDC5 was measured using an ELISA kit. Results: We evaluated 44 women with type-2 diabetes, mean age of 61.95±8.52 years, mean diabetes duration of 10.25±7.06 years, mean HbA1c of 7.66±1.37, mean fasting plasma glucose of 149.11±38.26 mg/dL, mean BMI of 29.20±5.15 kg/m2, and mean abdominal circumference of 95.02±12.80 cm. Mean FNDC5/irisin was 18.69±3.67 ng/mL. Although there were no differences in DXA and BIA analyses according to first and top quartiles of serum FNDC5, we identified a negative correlation of serum FNDC5 with fasting plasma glucose (−0.479; P=0.001) and a positive correlation with age (0.422; P=0.004). Conclusion: our data demonstrated that increased serum FNDC5 is related to increased age and poor glycemic control in T2DM. Reference: (1) Perakakis N et al., Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017 (2) Hyun HP et al., The novel myokine irisin:clinical implications and potential role as a biomarker for sarcopenia in postmenopausal women. Endocrine. 2018.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle and Metabolic Health: How Do We Increase Muscle Mass and Function in People with Type 2 Diabetes?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebaa Al-Ozairi ◽  
Dalal Alsaeed ◽  
Dherar Alroudhan ◽  
Nia Voase ◽  
Amal Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Whilst skeletal muscles’ primary role is allowing movement, it has important metabolic roles, including in glycemic control. Indeed, evidence indicates that low muscle mass and function are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, highlighting its importance in the development of metabolic disease. Methods In this mini-review, we detail the evidence highlighting the importance of muscle in type 2 diabetes and the efficacy of resistance exercise in improving glycemic control alongside our approach to increase uptake of such exercise in people with type 2 diabetes. This summary is based in the authors’ knowledge of the filed supplemented by a Pubmed search using the terms “muscle,” “glycemic control,” “HbA1c,” “type 2 diabetes,” and “resistance exercise.” Results The main strategy to increases muscle mass is to perform resistance exercise and, although the quality of evidence is low, such exercise appears effective in reducing Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with type 2 diabetes. However, to increase participation we need to improve our understanding of barriers and facilitators to such exercise. Current data indicate that barriers are similar to those reported for aerobic exercise, with additional resistance exercise specific barriers of looking to muscular, increase risk of cardiovascular event, having access to specialized equipment and knowledge of how to use it. Conclusions The development of simple resistance exercises that can be performed anywhere, that use little or no equipment and are effective in reducing HbA1c will be, in our opinion, key to increasing the number of people with type 2 diabetes performing resistance exercise.

1890-P: Glycemic Control and Ultrasonic Measures of Muscle Mass in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1890-P
Author(s):  
KENNETH M. MADDEN ◽  
BORIS FELDMAN ◽  
SHANE ARISHENKOFF ◽  
SARAH SY ◽  
GRAYDON S. MENEILLY
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Muscle Mass
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