Effects of Timing of Whey Protein Intake on Appetite and Energy Intake in Healthy Older Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 898.e9-898.e13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Zoé Coudert ◽  
Abdul Baqeri ◽  
Caroline Jensen ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Older Men

scholarly journals Whey Protein Drink Ingestion before Breakfast Suppressed Energy Intake at Breakfast and Lunch, but Not during Dinner, and Was Less Suppressed in Healthy Older than Younger Men

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3318
Author(s):  
Avneet Oberoi ◽  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Alina Clames ◽  
Kristine Bøhler ◽  
Kylie Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Protein Load

Ageing is associated with changes in feeding behavior. We have reported that there is suppression of energy intake three hours after whey protein drink ingestion in young, but not older, men. This study aimed to determine these effects over a time period of 9 h. Fifteen younger (27 ± 1 years, 25.8 ± 0.7 kg/m2) and 15 older (75 ± 2 years, 26.6 ± 0.8 kg/m2) healthy men were studied on three occasions on which they received, in a randomized order, a 30 g/120 kcal, 70 g/280 kcal whey-protein, or control (~2 kcal) drink. Ad-libitum energy intake (sum of breakfast, lunch, and dinner) was suppressed in a protein load responsive fashion (P = 0.001). Suppression was minimal at breakfast, substantial at lunch (~−16%, P = 0.001), no longer present by dinner, and was less in older than younger men (−3 ± 4% vs. −8 ± 4%, P = 0.027). Cumulative protein intake was increased in the younger and older men (+20% and +42%, P < 0.001). Visual analogue scale ratings of fullness were higher and desire to eat and prospective food consumption were lower after protein vs. control, and these effects were smaller in older vs. younger men (interaction effect P < 0.05). These findings support the use of whey-protein drink supplements in older people who aim to increase their protein intake without decreasing their overall energy intake.

scholarly journals Effects of randomized whey-protein loads on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying, and plasma gut-hormone concentrations in older men and women

2017 ◽  
pp. ajcn154377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Laurence G Trahair ◽  
Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
Scott Standfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Older Men And Women

scholarly journals Lesser suppression of energy intake by orally ingested whey protein in healthy older men compared with young controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (8) ◽  
pp. R845-R854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Laurence G. Trahair ◽  
Rachael Rigda ◽  
Amy T. Hutchison ◽  
Christine Feinle-Bisset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Protein Ingestion

Protein-rich supplements are used widely for the management of malnutrition in young and older people. Protein is the most satiating of the macronutrients in young. It is not known how the effects of oral protein ingestion on energy intake, appetite, and gastric emptying are modified by age. The aim of the study was to determine the suppression of energy intake by protein compared with control and underlying gastric-emptying and appetite responses of oral whey protein drinks in eight healthy older men (69–80 yr) compared with eight young male controls (18–34 yr). Subjects were studied on three occasions to determine the effects of protein loads of 30 g/120 kcal and 70 g/280 kcal compared with a flavored water control-drink (0 g whey protein) on energy intake (ad libitum buffet-style meal), and gastric emptying (three-dimensional-ultrasonography) and appetite (0–180 min) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. Energy intake was suppressed by the protein compared with control ( P = 0.034). Suppression of energy intake by protein was less in older men (1 ± 5%) than in young controls (15 ± 2%; P = 0.008). Cumulative energy intake (meal+drink) on the protein drink days compared with the control day increased more in older (18 ± 6%) men than young (1 ± 3%) controls ( P = 0.008). Gastric emptying of all three drinks was slower in older men (50% gastric-emptying time: 68 ± 5 min) than young controls (36 ± 5 min; P = 0.007). Appetite decreased in young, while it increased in older ( P < 0.05). In summary, despite having slower gastric emptying, elderly men exhibited blunted protein-induced suppression of energy intake by whey protein compared with young controls, so that in the elderly men, protein ingestion increased overall energy intake more than in the young men.

scholarly journals The relationship between protein intake and gut microbiota in community-dwelling older men from the MrOS study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 992-993
Author(s):  
Samaneh Farsijani ◽  
Jane Cauley ◽  
Shyamal Peddada ◽  
Lisa Langsetmo ◽  
James Shikany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

Abstract Despite growing evidence supporting the role of protein consumption in promoting muscle health, the possible mediation by gut microbiota remains unclear. Here, we determined the association between the quantity of dietary protein and gut microbiome composition in community-dwelling older adults. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 775 older men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study with available dietary information and stool samples at visit 4 (2014-16). Protein intake extracted from a brief Food Frequency Questionnaire and adjusted to total energy intake using the residual method. Gut microbial taxa were determined by 16S (v4) sequencing (Greengenes references). 11,534 Operational Taxonomic Units were identified and assigned to 21 phyla with dominance of Firmicutes (45%) and Bacteroidetes (43%). We performed distribution-based analysis (α-diversity), distance-based Permutation Multivariate Analysis of Variance (β-diversity), and taxa abundance (by ANCOM-BC R-package) to determine associations between protein intake and gut microbiome. Mean energy-adjusted protein intake was 62.0±10.8 g/d [0.8±0.3 g/kgBW/d]. Participants with higher protein intake had higher Shannon and Chao1 α-diversity indices (P&lt;0.05). For β-diversity analysis, participants with higher protein intake had a different center in weighted and unweighted UniFrac PCoA vs. those with lower intake (P&lt;0.05) adjusted for age, race, clinical center, energy intake, weight, height, and medications. Tenericutes phylum and several genus-level OTUs, including Klebsiella, Tyzzerella, Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Blautia, and Veillonella were differentially abundant between quartiles of protein intake (FDR corrected P&lt;0.05). Our data support an association between dietary protein and gut microbiota diversity, a relationship that could potentially influence physical function and sarcopenia development.

scholarly journals The effect of protein supplementation and its timing on energy intake and appetite in a middle-older aged adult population

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Tuttiett ◽  
Elizabeth Williams ◽  
Bernard Corfe ◽  
Emma Stevenson ◽  
Tom Hill
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionWith ageing there is a reduction in muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia. A further consequence of ageing is a reduction in appetite and this can result in a reduced energy intake and malnutrition. Increased dietary protein intake may reduce the risk of sarcopenia, however, protein is particularly satiating. Increasing protein intake in the older adult population, without a reduction of overall energy intake and appetite is desirable. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of protein supplementation on dietary intake and appetite. A further aim was to explore whether the time of consumption (morning vs evening) modified the impact of protein on energy intake and appetite.Materials and methodsTwenty-four middle-older aged (50–75 years) participants were recruited to a randomised cross-over trial. In phase 1 (pre-supplementation) participants completed a 3d food diary and were asked to report hunger and appetite using visual analogue scale questionnaires. In the second and third phases, participants consumed a whey protein gel (containing 20 g protein and 376kJ of energy) for 4 days at either the evening (before bed) or in the morning (after breakfast) and completed the same tasks as phase 1. There was a 1-week wash-out period before crossing over to the alternative time point. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the data.ResultsThere was no significant difference in average daily energy and macronutrient intake provided by the habitual diet in the pre-supplementation phase compared to the whey protein supplementation phases, irrespective of timing (p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in reported feelings of hunger and appetite (p > 0.05).DiscussionContrary to expectations, the addition of a 20g/day whey protein supplement did not alter subsequent energy and macronutrient intake when consumed over a 4-day period in this middle-older adult population. This may be due to the low-calorie composition of the supplement, or the timing of the intake. This research helps to inform protein delivery strategies, however different product formulations need to be explored, and studies of longer duration are required to understand the impact of prolonged supplementation on eating behaviour.

scholarly journals 333 Practical applications of whey protein in promoting skeletal muscle maintenance, recovery, and reconditioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
Emily Arentson-Lantz
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Practical Applications

Abstract Protein is an essential component of a healthy diet at all stages of life for growth and maintenance of muscle mass. Adequate protein intake is especially critical during periods of catabolic crises, such as periods of disuse due to illness or injury, that accelerate the loss of muscle mass and function. Therefore, the primary objective of this talk will be discussing the implementation of whey protein to optimize nutritional practices and protein intake to mitigate the consequences of disuse and aging. Increased protein and/or energy intake can be a well-intentioned but often impractical strategy to protect muscle due to limitations such as a cost or issues with satiety. Whey protein offers a practical, palatable source of protein rich in leucine, the amino acid thought to initiate muscle protein synthesis. In a recent study, we sought to determine whether increase in dietary protein quality through use of whey protein could reduce the negative effects of physical inactivity in older human adults. Findings from this study showed that whey protein protected against muscle loss. Additionally, whey appeared to offer some protection against gaining fat mass during disuse and promoted recovery of strength during recovery. These findings suggest that improving protein quality (e.g. the addition of whey protein) without increasing total energy intake may partially protect against some of the negative effects of bed rest in older adults.

scholarly journals Effects of a Protein-Rich, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement on Changes in Dietary Intake and Body Weight Following a Weight-Management Intervention—The ACOORH Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Martin Röhling ◽  
Andrea Stensitzky ◽  
Camila L. P. Oliveira ◽  
Andrea Beck ◽  
Klaus Michael Braumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Protein Rich

Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH) study (n = 463), participants with metabolic risk factors were randomly assigned to either a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention group (INT) or a lifestyle intervention control group (CON). This subanalysis relies only on data of participants (n = 119) who returned correctly completed dietary records at baseline, and after 12 and 52 weeks. Both groups were not matched for nutrient composition at baseline. These data were further stratified by sex and also associated with weight change. INT showed a higher increase in protein intake related to the daily energy intake after 12 weeks (+6.37% [4.69; 8.04] vs. +2.48% [0.73; 4.23], p < 0.001) of intervention compared to CON. Fat and carbohydrate intake related to the daily energy intake were more strongly reduced in the INT compared to CON (both p < 0.01). After sex stratification, particularly INT-women increased their total protein intake after 12 (INT: +12.7 g vs. CON: −5.1 g, p = 0.021) and 52 weeks (INT: +5.7 g vs. CON: −16.4 g, p = 0.002) compared to CON. Protein intake was negatively associated with weight change (r = −0.421; p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. The results indicate that a protein-rich dietary strategy with a meal replacement can improve long-term nutritional intake, and was associated with weight loss.

Nutritional Practices of Elite Female Surfers during Training and Competition

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni M. Felder ◽  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Brian J. Lowdon ◽  
David Cameron-Smith ◽  
Gregory R. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
And Training

The aim of this study was to assess the dietary practices of 10 elite female surfers. Four- and five-day food diaries completed over competition and training periods demonstrated energy intakes (mean ± SD) of 9,468 kJ (±2,007) and 8,397 kJ (±1,831), respectively. This level of energy intake was less than that estimated for the requirements of surfing. Female surfers' carbohydrate intakes failed to meet the recommendations, and suboptimal zinc intake was observed with 90% of subjects not meeting the Australian RDI. Comparisons between competition and training demonstrated that carbohydrate (g and g/kg body weight) and confectionary (g) intakes were significantly higher (p < .05) and protein intake was significantly lower (p < .05) during competition. These results show that although body fat stores were not compromised (mean 22%), self-reported energy, carbohydrate, and nutrient intakes were marginal in elite female surfers. Questionnaires revealed that 90% of surfers did not have good nutritional habits while traveling, which was compounded by a lack of knowledge of nutritional practices.

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