Intensity and Types of Physical Exercise in Relation to Dementia Risk Reduction in Community-Living Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 899.e1-899.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen T.C. Lee ◽  
Marcus Richards ◽  
Wai C. Chan ◽  
Helen F.K. Chiu ◽  
Ruby S.Y. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Dementia Risk

The Dunedin dementia risk awareness project: pilot study in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Barak ◽  
Andrew R. Gray ◽  
Charlene Rapsey ◽  
Kate Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Postgraduate Qualification

ABSTRACTAims:The USA and UK governmental and academic agencies suggest that up to 35% of dementia cases are preventable. We canvassed dementia risk and protective factor awareness among New Zealand older adults to inform the design of a larger survey.Method:The modified Lifestyle for Brain Health scale quantifying dementia risk was introduced to a sample of 304 eligible self-selected participants.Results:Two hundred and sixteen older adults (≥50 years), with mean ± standard deviation age 65.5 ± 11.4 years (50–93 years), completed the survey (71% response rate). Respondents were mostly women (n = 172, 80%), European (n = 207, 96%), and well educated (n = 100, 46%, with a tertiary qualification; including n = 17, 8%, with a postgraduate qualification). Around half of the participants felt that they were at a future risk of living with dementia (n = 101, 47%), and the majority felt that this would change their lives significantly (n = 205, 95%), that lifestyle changes would reduce their risk (n = 197, 91%), and that they could make the necessary changes (n = 189, 88%) and wished to start changes soon (n = 160, 74%). Only 4 of 14 modifiable risk or protective factors for dementia were adequately identified by the participants: physical exercise (81%), depression (76%), brain exercises (75%), and social isolation (83%). Social isolation was the commonly cited risk factor for dementia, while physical exercise was the commonly cited protective factor. Three clusters of brain health literacy were identified: psychosocial, medical, and modifiable.Conclusion:The older adults in our study are not adequately knowledgeable about dementia risk and protective factors. However, they report optimism about modifying risks through lifestyle interventions.

scholarly journals Baseline Prevalence of Polypharmacy in Older Hypertensive Study Subjects with Elevated Dementia Risk: Findings from the Risk Reduction for Alzheimer’s Disease Study (rrAD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Eric D. Vidoni ◽  
Ashwini Kamat ◽  
William P. Gahan ◽  
Victoria Ourso ◽  
Kaylee Woodard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Risk

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of polypharmacy, the taking of five or more medications a day, in older adults with specific dementia risk factors. Objective: To examine the prevalence of polypharmacy in participants at baseline in a vascular risk reduction focused Alzheimer’s disease (rrAD) trial targeting older patients with hypertension and elevated dementia risk. Methods: We conducted a detailed review of medications in a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults with hypertension and elevated dementia risk. Medications were identified in a structured interview process with an onsite pharmacist or qualified designee. Polypharmacy was defined as use of five or more medications on a regular basis. Descriptive analyses were conducted on the sample as well as direct comparisons of subgroups of individuals with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Results: The 514 rrAD participants, mean age 68.8 (standard deviation [sd] 6), reported taking different combinations of 472 unique medications at their baseline visit. The median number of medications taken by participants was eight [Range 0–21], with 79.2% exhibiting polypharmacy (n = 407). Sites differed in their prevalence of polypharmacy, χ2(3) = 56.0, p < 0.001. A nearly identical percentage of the 2,077 prescribed (51.8%) and over the counter (48.2%) medications were present in the overall medication profile. The presence of diabetes (87.5%), hyperlipidemia (88.2%), or both (97.7%) was associated with a higher prevalence of polypharmacy than participants who exhibited hypertension in the absence of either of these conditions (63.2%), χ2(3) = 35.8, p < 0.001. Conclusion: Participants in a dementia risk study had high levels of polypharmacy, with the co-existence of diabetes or hyperlipidemia associated with a greater prevalence of polypharmacy as compared to having hypertension alone.

scholarly journals A RE-AIM Evaluation of a multi-modal real-world intervention for dementia risk reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Stirling ◽  
Helga Merl ◽  
Indra Arunachalam ◽  
Ashley Turner ◽  
Carolyn King
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Dementia Risk

Abstract Background This implementation study evaluated a novel community-based Memory Wellness Program targeting dementia risk reduction through increasing health knowledge and health promoting behaviours in older adults. The nurse-led eight-week program involved the following behaviour change strategies: goal-setting, education, group activity, and introduction to the use of iPads and Misfit activity trackers. The multi-model program was delivered in a realworld setting using pop-up clinics run by a Registered Nurse, across 18 different sites. Methods Using a quasi-experimental mixed methods design, and a RE-AIM framework, the study evaluated the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of the MWP. A total of 179 older adults aged 65 years and over participated in the evaluation across eighteen locations in three states and a territory of Australia. Paired t-tests were carried out on all pretest-posttest clinical data. In-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen participants and staff. Results Engagement in the program was associated with improved cognition, lowered BP and stress and increased engagement with technology. There was a trend towards reduced feelings of loneliness. Participants’ main motivations for undertaking the program were to improve memory, meet new people and improve technology use and computer literacy, with most participants reporting that these goals had been met through the program. The program was effective across multiple sites demonstrating it can successfully be implemented in different contexts and that the range of behaviour change techniques suit a useful multi-modal program. Conclusions This evaluation of a community-based Memory Wellness Program demonstrated increased cognitive function in older adults presenting with concerns about their cognition and memory. The statistically significant results and medium to large effect sizes suggest that further research is warranted to assess the efficacy of multi-modal community-based programs for improving memory and mental health with a focus on dementia risk reduction in older adults.

scholarly journals World-Wide FINGERS: An International Network of Linked Multidomain Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
Francesca Mangialasche ◽  
Alina Solomon ◽  
Tiia Ngandu ◽  
Miia Kivipelto
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Multidomain Intervention

Abstract Risk reduction and prevention of dementia in older adults is a growing research area. In the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER randomized controlled trial) a 2-year multidomain intervention -dietary counseling, exercise, cognitive training, vascular and metabolic risk monitoring- improved cognition in older adults from the general population who had increased dementia risk. The intervention was associated also with improvement of other clinical outcomes (e.g., multimorbidity, functional status). The FINGER model is being adapted and tested in different populations and settings through the World-Wide FINGERS, the first global network of multidomain prevention trials, including over thirty countries. The network goal is to identify effective and feasible solution for dementia risk reduction across the spectrum of cognitive decline - from at-risk asymptomatic states to early-symptomatic stages. Through the World-Wide FINGERS-SARS-CoV-2 initiative, the network aims to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults.

scholarly journals Determining Middle-Aged and Older Adults’ Health Beliefs to Change Lifestyle and Health Behavior for Dementia Risk Reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 153331751989899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Aliye Akyol ◽  
Lemye Zehirlioğlu ◽  
Merve Erünal ◽  
Hatice Mert ◽  
Nur Şehnaz Hatipoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family History ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: Global population is getting older and the prevalence of dementia continuously increases. Understanding the related health beliefs is bound to enable lifestyle-based interventions that maximize public engagement in dementia risk reduction behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine health beliefs on dementia prevention behaviors and lifestyle changes and to determine the factors influencing these beliefs among middle-aged and older people in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 284 individuals aged 40 years and older, using nonprobability convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic characteristic form and the Turkish version of the Motivation for Changing Lifestyle and Health Behavior for Reducing the Risk of Dementia scale. The study utilized the value, mean, percentage frequency distribution, correlation, independent t test, and the one-way analysis of variance test. Results: The mean age of the participants included in the study was 56.99 ± 12.05, 68.7% of individuals were males. The mean education years of the participants were 11.22 ± 4.55. The majority (72.2%) of participants expressed subjective memory complaints. Presence of family history of dementia was 28.2%. Age, gender, education years, subjective memory complaints, presence family history of dementia, prior experience as a caregiver of dementia, and willingness to know their own risk were determined as essential factors that influence several health belief factors related to dementia risk reduction. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that males, older adults, and lower-educated and income are priority groups that should be guided for lifestyle and behavioral changes regarding dementia risk reduction.

scholarly journals Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Hayashi ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Tadashi Okano ◽  
Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽  
Sonoe Mashino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment and Dementia Risk in Older Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Dunietz ◽  
R D Chervin ◽  
J F Burke ◽  
A S Conceicao ◽  
T J Braley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Study Objectives To examine associations between PAP therapy, adherence and incident diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia not-otherwise-specified (DNOS) in older adults. Methods This retrospective study utilized Medicare 5% fee-for-service claims data of 53,321 beneficiaries, aged 65+, with an OSA diagnosis prior to 2011. Study participants were evaluated using ICD-9 codes for neurocognitive syndromes [AD(n=1,057), DNOS(n=378), and MCI(n=443)] that were newly-identified between 2011-2013. PAP treatment was defined as presence of ≥1 durable medical equipment (HCPCS) code for PAP supplies. PAP adherence was defined as ≥2 HCPCS codes for PAP equipment, separated by≥1 month. Logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic and health characteristics, were used to estimate associations between PAP treatment or adherence and new AD, DNOS, and MCI diagnoses. Results In this sample of Medicare beneficiaries with OSA, 59% were men, 90% were non-Hispanic whites and 62% were younger than 75y. The majority (78%) of beneficiaries with OSA were prescribed PAP (treated), and 74% showed evidence of adherent PAP use. In adjusted models, PAP treatment was associated with lower odds of incident diagnoses of AD and DNOS (OR=0.78, 95% CI:0.69-0.89; and OR=0.69, 95% CI:0.55-0.85). Lower odds of MCI, approaching statistical significance, were also observed among PAP users (OR=0.82, 95% CI:0.66-1.02). PAP adherence was associated with lower odds of incident diagnoses of AD (OR=0.65, 95% CI:0.56-0.76). Conclusions PAP treatment and adherence are independently associated with lower odds of incident AD diagnoses in older adults. Results suggest that treatment of OSA may reduce risk of subsequent dementia.

scholarly journals Benefits of Physical Exercise Training on Cognition and Quality of Life in Frail Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Langlois ◽  
T. T. M. Vu ◽  
K. Chasse ◽  
G. Dupuis ◽  
M.-J. Kergoat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Frail Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise Training
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