Attentional bias toward suicide-relevant information in suicide attempters: A cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Richard-Devantoy ◽  
Yang Ding ◽  
Gustavo Turecki ◽  
Fabrice Jollant
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Attempters

Attentional bias toward suicide-relevant information in suicide attempters: A cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S401-S401 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Richard-Devantoy ◽  
D. Yang ◽  
T. Gustavo ◽  
J. Fabrice
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Modified Stroop ◽  
History Of

ObjectivePrevious studies using a modified Stroop test suggested that suicide attempters, in contrast to depressed patients with no suicidal history, display a particular attentional bias toward suicide-related cues. However, negative results have also been reported. In the present study, we collected new data and pooled them as part of a meta-analysis intended to shed further light on this question.MethodWe conducted:– a cross-sectional study comparing performance on the modified Stroop task for suicide-related, positively-valenced and negatively-valenced words in 33 suicide attempters and 46 patient controls with a history of mood disorders;– a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies comparing performance on the modified Stroop task among patients with vs. without a history of suicidal acts in mood disorders.ResultsThe cross-sectional study showed no significant difference in interference scores for any type of words between suicide attempters and patient controls. A meta-analysis of four studies, including 233 suicide attempters and 768 patient controls, showed a significant but small attentional bias toward suicide-related words (Hedges’g = 0.22; 95% CI [0.06 to 0.38]; Z = 2.73; P = 0.006), but not negatively-valenced words (Hedges’g = 0.06; 95% CI [−0.09 to 0.22]; Z = 0.77; P = 0.4) in suicide attempters compared to patient controls.LimitationsPositively-valenced words and healthy controls could not be assessed in the meta-analysis.ConclusionOur data support a selective information-processing bias among suicide attempters. Indirect evidence suggests that this effect would be state-related and may be a cognitive component of the suicidal crisis. However, we could not conclude about the clinical utility of this Stroop version at this stage.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Decreased choroidal and scleral thicknesses in highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Un Chul Park ◽  
Eun Kyoung Lee ◽  
Bo Hee Kim ◽  
Baek-Lok Oh
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pathologic Myopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Posterior Staphyloma ◽  
Myopic Maculopathy

AbstractIn this cross-sectional study, we investigated choroidal thickness (CT) and scleral thickness (ST) in highly myopic eyes and their associations with ocular factors. Patients underwent widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure the CT and ST at the subfovea and 3000 μm superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal to the fovea and macular curvature. A total of 237 eyes (154 patients) were included. At all five measurement points, thinner CTs and STs were associated with longer axial lengths (r = − 0.548 to − 0.357, all P < 0.001) and greater macular curvatures (r = − 0.542 to − 0.305, all P < 0.001). The CT and ST were significantly thinner in eyes with posterior staphyloma than in those without at all measurement points (all P ≤ 0.006) but did not differ between eyes with the wide macular and narrow macular type of staphyloma. Eyes with myopic maculopathy of category ≥ 3 according to the International Meta-Analysis for Pathologic Myopia classification had significantly thinner CTs and STs than those with category ≤ 2 (all P ≤ 0.005). In highly myopic eyes, a decrease in the CT and ST was more pronounced in eyes with more structural changes, such as longer axial length, steeper macular curvature, and the presence of posterior staphyloma.

The association between meat consumption and the metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Khemayanto Hidayat ◽  
Wan-Zhan Zhu ◽  
Si-Min Peng ◽  
Jin-Jin Ren ◽  
Meng-Lan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract The findings regarding the associations between red meat, fish and poultry consumption, and the metabolic syndrome (Mets) have been inconclusive, and evidence from Chinese populations is scarce. A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the associations between red meat, fish and poultry consumption, and the prevalence of the Mets and its components among the residents of Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China. A total of 4424 participants were eligible for the analysis. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the OR and 95 % CI for the prevalence of the Mets and its components according to red meat, fish and poultry consumption. In addition, the data of our cross-sectional study were meta-analysed under a random effects model along with those of published observational studies to generate the summary relative risks (RR) of the associations between the highest v. lowest categories of red meat, fish and poultry consumption and the Mets and its components. In the cross-sectional study, the multivariable-adjusted OR for the highest v. lowest quartiles of consumption was 1·23 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·48) for red meat, 0·83 (95 % CI 0·72, 0·97) for fish and 0·93 (95 % CI 0·74, 1·18) for poultry. In the meta-analysis, the pooled RR for the highest v. lowest categories of consumption was 1·20 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·35) for red meat, 0·88 (95 % CI 0·81, 0·96) for fish and 0·97 (95 % CI 0·85, 1·10) for poultry. The findings of both cross-sectional studies and meta-analyses indicated that the association between fish consumption and the Mets may be partly driven by the inverse association of fish consumption with elevated TAG and reduced HDL-cholesterol and, to a lesser extent, fasting plasma glucose. No clear pattern of associations was observed between red meat or poultry consumption and the components of the Mets. The current findings add weight to the evidence that the Mets may be positively associated with red meat consumption, inversely associated with fish consumption and neutrally associated with poultry consumption.

scholarly journals Clinical features of alcoholic suicide attempters/ non-attempters

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 656-659
Author(s):  
Meena Agarwal ◽  
Keith Gaskell
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
High Incidence

A cross-sectional study of 74 consecutive alcoholic patients admitted to a subregional alcohol treatment unit examines the socio-demographic and clinical differences between those who had/had not attempted suicide, and investigates their relationships to current suicidal ideation. The suicide attempters were significantly younger, separated and unemployed. They began regular drinking earlier, were more severely dependent and had a higher proportion of major depression, antisocial personality disorder and another drug abuse. The results suggest a high incidence of suicidal behaviour in alcoholics and high psychiatric comorbidity in alcoholics who attempt suicide.

scholarly journals Effects of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and betel quid chewing on upper digestive diseases: a large cross-sectional study and meta-analysis

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (44) ◽  
pp. 78011-78022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Shiuan Chuang ◽  
Meng-Chieh Wu ◽  
Fang-Jung Yu ◽  
Yao-Kuang Wang ◽  
Chien-Yu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Betel Quid ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Betel Quid Chewing

scholarly journals The association between chronic airflow obstruction and poverty in 12 sites of the multinational BOLD study

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601880 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Townend ◽  
Cosetta Minelli ◽  
Kevin Mortimer ◽  
Daniel O. Obaseki ◽  
Mohammed Al Ghobain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
Lower Limit Of Normal

Poverty is strongly associated with mortality from COPD, but little is known of its relation to airflow obstruction.In a cross-sectional study of adults aged ≥40 years from 12 sites (N=9255), participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, poverty was evaluated using a wealth score (0–10) based on household assets. Obstruction, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) (%) after administration of 200 μg salbutamol, and prevalence of FEV1/FVC<lower limit of normal were tested for association with poverty for each site, and the results were combined by meta-analysis.Mean wealth scores ranged from 4 in Blantyre (Malawi) and Kashmir (India) to 10 in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), and the prevalence of obstruction, from 16% in Kashmir to 3% in Riyadh and Penang (Malaysia). Following adjustments for age and sex, FEV1/FVC increased by 0.36% (absolute change) (95%CI: 0.22, 0.49; p<0.001) per unit increase in wealth score. Adjustments for other confounders reduced this effect to 0.23% (0.11, 0.34), but even this value remained highly significant (p<0.001). Results were consistent across sites (I2=1%; phet=0.44). Mean wealth scores explained 38% of the variation in mean FEV1/FVC between sites (r2=0.385, p=0.031).Airflow obstruction is consistently associated with poverty at individual and community levels across several countries.

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