Trauma type affects recognition of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among online respondents in the UK and Ireland

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Merritt ◽  
Ian J. Tharp ◽  
Adrian Furnham
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Trauma Type

scholarly journals Factors associated with poor self-reported health within the UK military and comparisons with the general population: a cohort study

JRSM Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 205427041769272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C Jenkins ◽  
Sharon AM Stevelink ◽  
Nicola T Fear
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Military

Objective To investigate the self-rated health of the UK military and explore factors associated with poor self-rated health. Compare self-rated health of the military to the general population. Design A cohort study. Participants A total of 7626 serving and ex-serving UK military personnel, aged between 25 and 49; 19,452,300 civilians from England and Wales. Setting United Kingdom (military), England and Wales (civilians). Main outcome measures Self rated health for both populations. Additional data for the military sample included measures of symptoms of common mental disorder (General Health Questionnaire-12), probable post-traumatic stress disorder (post-traumatic stress disorder checklist Civilian Version), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), smoking behaviour, history of self-harm and body mass index. Results In the military sample, poor self-rated health was significantly associated with: common mental disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomology, a history of self-harm, being obese, older age (ages 35–49) and current smoking status. However, the majority of military personnel report good health, with levels of poor self-rated health (13%) not significantly different to those reported by the general population (12.1%). Conclusions Self-rated health appears to relate to aspects of both physical and psychological health. The link between poor self-rated health and psychological ill-health emphasises the need for military support services to continue addressing mental health problems.

scholarly journals Predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder following critical illness: A mixed methods study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceri E Battle ◽  
Karen James ◽  
Tom Bromfield ◽  
Paul Temblett
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Post-traumatic stress disorder has been reported in survivors of critical illness. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of critical illness. Materials and methods Patients attending the intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up clinic completed the UK-Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome 14-Questions Inventory and data was collected from their medical records. Predictors investigated included age, gender, Apache II score, ICU length of stay, pre-illness psychopathology; delirium and benzodiazepine administration during ICU stay and delusional memories of the ICU stay following discharge. Results A total of 198 patients participated, with 54 (27%) patients suffering with post-traumatic stress disorder. On multivariable logistic regression, the significant predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder were younger age, lower Apache II score, pre-illness psychopathology and delirium during the ICU stay. Conclusions The predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in this study concur with previous research however a lower Apache II score has not been previously reported.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in COVID-19 survivors: online population survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Chamberlain ◽  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
William Trender ◽  
Peter Hellyer ◽  
Adam Hampshire
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Admission Status ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk

Summary This study examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 13 049 survivors of suspected or confirmed COVID-19, from the UK general population, as a function of severity and hospital admission status. Compared with mild COVID-19, significantly elevated rates of PTSD symptoms were identified in those requiring medical support at home (effect size 0.178 s.d., P = 0.0316), those requiring hospital admission without ventilation (effect size 0.234 s.d., P = 0.0064) and those requiring hospital admission with ventilator support (effect size 0.454 s.d., P < 0.001). Intrusive images were the most prominent elevated symptom. Adequate psychiatric provision for such individuals will be of paramount importance.

Functional Brain Imaging and PTSD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
And Function ◽  
Trauma Type

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with a host of neurobiological changes, including abnormalities in subcortical and cortical structure and function. The majority of neuroimaging studies have been motivated by a fear conditioning and extinction perspective to examine neural changes associated with PTSD. Several studies have found alterations in amygdala, hippocampal, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. However, not all studies have replicated these findings. This suggests that more nuanced models of PTSD may be needed to account for the pathophysiology of the disorder. This chapter reviews neuroimaging findings related to this fear model and discusses additional considerations, including trauma type, age of trauma, and affective neurodynamics, that may help to account for the lack of consistent replications. Explicit consideration of these factors may facilitate greater coherence among studies going forward and advance our understanding of the neurobiological alterations associated with PTSD.

scholarly journals A validation study of the International Trauma Questionnaire to assess post-traumatic stress disorder in treatment-seeking veterans

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Murphy ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Emily Pearson ◽  
Neil Greenberg ◽  
Simon Wessely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundVeterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) typically report a poorer treatment response than those who have not served in the Armed Forces. A possible explanation is that veterans often present with complex symptoms of PTSD. ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD (CPTSD) have not previously been explored in a military sample.AimsThis study aimed to validate the only measure of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD, the International Trauma Questionnaire, and assess the rates of the disorder in a sample of treatment-seeking UK veterans.MethodA sample of help-seeking veterans (N = 177) was recruited from a national charity in the UK that provides clinical services to veterans. Participants completed measures of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD as well as childhood and adult traumatic life events. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the latent structure of PTSD and CPTSD symptoms, and rates of the disorders were estimated.ResultsThe majority of the participants (70.7%) reported symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of either PTSD or CPTSD. Results indicated the presence of two separate disorders, with CPTSD being more frequently endorsed (56.7%) than PTSD (14.0%). CPTSD was more strongly associated with childhood trauma than PTSD.ConclusionsThe International Trauma Questionnaire can adequately distinguish between PTSD and CPTSD within clinical samples of veterans. There is a need to explore the effectiveness of existing and new treatments for CPTSD in military personnel.

The latent structure of post-traumatic stress disorder: tests of invariance by gender and trauma type

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chung ◽  
N. Breslau
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Trauma Type

BackgroundMeasurement invariance of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criterion symptoms was tested by gender and trauma type, assaultive and non-assaultive.MethodAnalysis was conducted using latent class analysis (LCA), based on findings that the three-class LCA model from Breslau et al. (Archives of General Psychiatry 2005, 62, 1343–1351) fits the data across the four groups best. The classes represent three levels of PTSD-related disturbance: no disturbance, intermediate disturbance and pervasive disturbance, with the last one approximating the DSM-IV PTSD diagnosis.ResultsAnalysis of measurement invariance showed that, with respect to gender, there was no evidence of differential symptom reporting within the same disturbance class. DSM-IV symptom indicators represent the latent structure of PTSD equally in males and females. We found that more female than male victims of assaultive violence experienced pervasive disturbance. In the absence of measurement variability associated with gender, the finding is likely to reflect a gender difference in susceptibility. The analysis of measurement invariance detected evidence of variability associated with trauma type. Victims of assaultive violence in the pervasive disturbance class report more severe distress (especially emotional numbing) than do victims of non-assaultive violence in the same class.ConclusionsThe finding of measurement bias associated with type of trauma raises questions about the applicability of a single definition for PTSD associated with assaultive violence and PTSD associated with traumatic events of lesser magnitude.

Comparing the profiles of UK and Australian military veterans supported by national treatment programmes for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

2019 ◽  
pp. jramc-2019-001268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Murphy ◽  
A Howard ◽  
D Forbes ◽  
W Busuttil ◽  
A Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Military

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare and contrast the profiles of military veterans seeking formal support for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in national treatment programmes in Australia and the UK to better understand the needs of this vulnerable population.MethodsData were extracted from 1926 participants in these treatment programmes. This consisted of 1230 from the UK who had accessed support between 2014 and early 2019, and 696 from Australia who had accessed support between 2014 and 2018. Comparison was made between a number of sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex and educational achievements), military factors (branch of military, time since leaving the military and whether participants were early service leavers or not) and health outcomes (PTSD, anger, alcohol misuse, anxiety and depression).ResultsSmall differences were observed, with those in the UK cohort appearing to be younger, having lower educational achievement, being more likely to be ex-Army, having longer periods of enlistment in the military and taking longer to seek help. Further, minor differences were reported in health outcomes, with those in the UK cohort reporting more severe symptoms of PTSD, anger, anxiety and depression.ConclusionsOverall, the observed differences between the cohorts were modest, suggesting that treatment-seeking veterans from the Australian and UK cohorts reported similar presentations. This provides evidence to support the establishment of international cohorts of treatment-seeking veterans to improve knowledge within this field.

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