scholarly journals Sad benefit in face working memory: An emotional bias of melancholic depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie C. Linden ◽  
Margaret C. Jackson ◽  
Leena Subramanian ◽  
David Healy ◽  
David E.J. Linden
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Emotional Bias ◽  
Face Working Memory

Hemispheric differences in neural systems for face working memory: A PET-rCBF study

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. Haxby ◽  
Leslie G. Ungerleider ◽  
Barry Horwitz ◽  
Stanley I. Rapoport ◽  
Cheryl L. Grady
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Face Working Memory

scholarly journals Negative and Positive Bias for Emotional Faces: Evidence from the Attention and Working Memory Paradigms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Qianru Xu ◽  
Chaoxiong Ye ◽  
Simeng Gu ◽  
Zhonghua Hu ◽  
Yi Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Stimulus Choice ◽  
Emotional Bias ◽  
New Research

Visual attention and visual working memory (VWM) are two major cognitive functions in humans, and they have much in common. A growing body of research has investigated the effect of emotional information on visual attention and VWM. Interestingly, contradictory findings have supported both a negative bias and a positive bias toward emotional faces (e.g., angry faces or happy faces) in the attention and VWM fields. We found that the classical paradigms—that is, the visual search paradigm in attention and the change detection paradigm in VWM—are considerably similar. The settings of these paradigms could therefore be responsible for the contradictory results. In this paper, we compare previous controversial results from behavioral and neuroscience studies using these two paradigms. We suggest three possible contributing factors that have significant impacts on the contradictory conclusions regarding different emotional bias effects; these factors are stimulus choice, experimental setting, and cognitive process. We also propose new research directions and guidelines for future studies.

scholarly journals Negative and Positive Bias for Emotional Faces: Evidence from the Attention and Working Memory Paradigms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianru Xu ◽  
Chaoxiong Ye ◽  
Simeng Gu ◽  
huzhonghua ◽  
Yi Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Stimulus Choice ◽  
Emotional Bias ◽  
New Research

Visual attention and visual working memory (VWM) are two major cognitive functions for humans, and they have much in common. A growing body of research has investigated emotional information’s effect on visual attention and VWM. Interestingly, contradictory findings have supported both a negative bias and a positive bias toward emotional faces (e.g. angry faces or happy faces) in the attention and VWM fields. We found that the classical paradigms—that is, the visual search paradigm in attention and the change detection paradigm in VWM—are considerably similar. The settings of these paradigms could be responsible for these contradictory results. In this paper, we compare previous controversial results from behavioral and neuroscience studies using these two paradigms. We suggest three possible contributing factors that have significant impacts on the controversial conclusion of different emotional bias effects, namely: stimulus choice, experimental setting, and cognitive process. Finally, we propose new research directions and guidelines for future studies.

Attentional Load Effects on Emotional Content in Face Working Memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Valenti ◽  
Isabella Wada Pucci ◽  
Ricardo Basso Garcia ◽  
Margaret Jackson ◽  
Cesar Alexis Galera
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
High Load ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Attentional Load ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Test Face ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Face Working Memory

This study investigated the role of attentional resources in processing emotional faces on working memory (WM). Participants memorised two face arrays with the same emotion but different identities and were required to judge whether the test face had the same identity as one of the previous faces. Concurrently during encoding and maintenance, a sequence of high-or-low pitched tones (high load) or white noise bursts (low load) was presented, and participants were required to count how many low-tones were heard. Experiment 1 and 2 used an emotional and neutral test face, respectively. The results revealed a significant WM impairment for sad and angry faces in the high load vs low load condition but not for happy faces. Happy faces were better recognised than other emotional faces in a high load. In Experiment 1, participants remembered better happy faces than other emotional faces. In contrast, Experiment 2 showed that performance was poorer for happy than sad faces but not for angry faces. This evidence suggests that depleting of attentional resources affects less WM for happy faces than other emotional faces, but also differential effects on WM for emotional faces depend on the presence or absence of emotion face at retrieval.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

The bottleneck may be the solution, not the problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Lotem ◽  
Oren Kolodny ◽  
Joseph Y. Halpern ◽  
Luca Onnis ◽  
Shimon Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Biological Trait ◽  
Memory Bottleneck

AbstractAs a highly consequential biological trait, a memory “bottleneck” cannot escape selection pressures. It must therefore co-evolve with other cognitive mechanisms rather than act as an independent constraint. Recent theory and an implemented model of language acquisition suggest that a limit on working memory may evolve to help learning. Furthermore, it need not hamper the use of language for communication.

5. Treatment of Insanity

1922 ◽  
Vol 68 (282) ◽  
pp. 298-300
Author(s):  
Norman R. Phillips ◽  
John Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Melancholic Depression

Treatment of Melancholic Depression by Large Doses of Strychnine [Traitement de la dépression mélancholique par la strychnine à très hautes doses]. (Le Prog. Méd., March 19th, 1921.) Hartenberg, P.

Do Children With Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Have Difficulties With Interference Control, Visuospatial Working Memory, and Selective Attention? Developmental Patterns and the Role of Severity and Persistence of DLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3036-3050
Author(s):  
Elma Blom ◽  
Tessel Boerma
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Many children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have weaknesses in executive functioning (EF), specifically in tasks testing interference control and working memory. It is unknown how EF develops in children with DLD, if EF abilities are related to DLD severity and persistence, and if EF weaknesses expand to selective attention. This study aimed to address these gaps. Method Data from 78 children with DLD and 39 typically developing (TD) children were collected at three times with 1-year intervals. At Time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Flanker, Dot Matrix, and Sky Search tasks tested interference control, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention, respectively. DLD severity was based on children's language ability. DLD persistence was based on stability of the DLD diagnosis. Results Performance on all tasks improved in both groups. TD children outperformed children with DLD on interference control. No differences were found for visuospatial working memory and selective attention. An interference control gap between the DLD and TD groups emerged between Time 1 and Time 2. Severity and persistence of DLD were related to interference control and working memory; the impact on working memory was stronger. Selective attention was unrelated to DLD severity and persistence. Conclusions Age and DLD severity and persistence determine whether or not children with DLD show EF weaknesses. Interference control is most clearly impaired in children with DLD who are 6 years and older. Visuospatial working memory is impaired in children with severe and persistent DLD. Selective attention is spared.

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