Processing of autobiographical memory retrieval cues in borderline personality disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schnell ◽  
T. Dietrich ◽  
R. Schnitker ◽  
J. Daumann ◽  
S.C. Herpertz
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Retrieval Cues

Effects of cortisol on memory in women with borderline personality disorder: role of co-morbid post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wingenfeld ◽  
M. Driessen ◽  
K. Terfehr ◽  
N. Schlosser ◽  
S. Carvalho Fernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundStress and cortisol administration are known to have impairing effects on memory retrieval in healthy humans. These effects are reported to be altered in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but they have not yet been investigated in borderline personality disorder (BPD).MethodIn a placebo-controlled cross-over study, 71 women with BPD and 40 healthy controls received either placebo or 10 mg of hydrocortisone orally before undertaking a declarative memory retrieval task (word list learning) and an autobiographical memory test (AMT). A working memory test was also applied.ResultsOverall, opposing effects of cortisol on memory were observed when comparing patients with controls. In controls, cortisol had impairing effects on memory retrieval whereas in BPD patients cortisol had enhancing effects on memory retrieval of words, autobiographical memory and working memory. These effects were most pronounced for specificity of autobiographical memory retrieval. Patients with BPD alone and those with co-morbid PTSD showed this effect. We also found that co-morbid MDD influenced the cortisol effects: in this subgroup (BPD + MDD) the effects of cortisol on memory were absent.ConclusionsThe present results demonstrate beneficial effects of acute cortisol elevations on hippocampal-mediated memory processes in BPD. The absence of these effects in patients with co-morbid MDD suggests that these patients differ from other BPD patients in terms of their sensitivity to glucocorticoids (GCs).

Autobiographical memory and dissociation in borderline personality disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. JONES ◽  
H. HEARD ◽  
M. STARTUP ◽  
M. SWALES ◽  
J. M. G. WILLIAMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Episodic Information ◽  
Anxiety Trait

Background. This study investigated whether individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) tend to be overgeneral in their autobiographical recall and whether the extent of their overgeneral recall covaries with their susceptibilities to dissociative experiences, as expected on theoretical grounds.Methods. Twenty-three patients with BPD and 23 matched controls completed the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) and self-report measures of depression, anxiety, trait anger and dissociative experiences.Results. Participants with BPD scored significantly higher than the control group on the measures of depression, anxiety, trait anger, and dissociative experiences and also retrieved significantly more general memories on the AMT. The number of general memories retrieved by the BPD group correlated significantly with their dissociation scores but not with their scores on mood measures.Conclusions. Patients with BPD have difficulties in recalling specific autobiographical memories. These difficulties are related to their tendency to dissociate and may help them to avoid episodic information that would evoke acutely negative affect.

scholarly journals Enhanced memory for negative social information in Borderline Personality Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Niedtfeld ◽  
Frank Renkewitz ◽  
Andreas Mädebach ◽  
Karen Hillmann ◽  
Nikolaus Kleindienst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Healthy Controls

This manuscript has been published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/abn0000540).Biased social cognition towards an enhanced processing of negative social information might contribute to instability in interpersonal relationships. Such interpersonal dysfunctions are important for the understanding of several mental disorders, among them borderline personality disorder (BPD). To experimentally test enhanced memory retrieval of negative social information, using a newly developed variant of a looking-at-nothing paradigm, 45 BPD patients and 36 healthy women learned positive and negative personality traits of different target persons. In a translational memory test, participants were asked to use the learned information to evaluate statements about the target person. In addition to behavioral measures of memory performance, we investigated eye gaze patterns to decompose memory retrieval processes. We hypothesized that BPD patients would retrieve negative as compared to positive person information more accurately than healthy controls, and show increased eye gaze towards spatial locations where negative information was provided during the learning phase. Results pointed to a more accurate retrieval of negative person attributes in the patient group as compared with healthy controls (HC), thereby corroborating a negativity bias in social cognition in an exemplary sample of patients with interpersonal problems. Interestingly, the observed negativity bias for person memory was associated with BPD severity, stronger expectancies to be rejected by others, and social detachment. No group differences regarding eye fixation behaviour were found. We propose that enhanced retrieval of negative person information might be associated with dysfunctional cognitive schemas as well as reduced behavioral trust, and be of relevance for mental disorders characterized by interpersonal difficulties.

Autobiographical Memory in Borderline Personality Disorder and Depression1

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babette Renneberg ◽  
Erika Theobald ◽  
Monika Nobs ◽  
Matthias Weisbrod
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Borderline Personality

Autobiographical Memory Impairment in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis Interpreted in Terms of the CaR-FA-X Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Beran ◽  
Mara J. Richman ◽  
Zsolt Unoka
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Effect Sizes

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by impaired functioning of autobiographical memory (AM). We use a quantitative meta-analysis to assess AM performance in adults diagnosed with BPD as compared to healthy controls (HC). Moderator variables included type of autobiographical memory as well as clinical and demographic variables. Large significant deficits were seen in the BPD group in comparison to the HC group. In the BPD group, effect sizes were large for overgenerality, omission, and specific memories, while not significant for recall. Age influenced the performance of the BPD group; in addition, there was a significant interaction between age and specificity of memory. Gender and IQ did not influence memory performance. Our results confirm that BPD patients show impairment in AM. We explain these impairments in terms of the CaR-FA-X model, based on mechanisms of capture and rumination, functional avoidance, and impaired executive control.

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