Different activation patterns of proinflammatory cytokines in melancholic and non-melancholic major depression are associated with HPA axis activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 87 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Kaestner ◽  
Michael Hettich ◽  
Marion Peters ◽  
Walter Sibrowski ◽  
Günter Hetzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

scholarly journals HPA Axis in the Pathomechanism of Depression and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies Based on Its Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298
Author(s):  
Joanna Mikulska ◽  
Gabriela Juszczyk ◽  
Monika Gawrońska-Grzywacz ◽  
Mariola Herbet
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
V1b Receptor ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased HPA axis activity can be observed during chronic stress, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. Overactivity of the HPA axis occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to cognitive dysfunction and reduced mood. There is also a correlation between the HPA axis activation and gut microbiota, which has a significant impact on the development of MDD. It is believed that the gut microbiota can influence the HPA axis function through the activity of cytokines, prostaglandins, or bacterial antigens of various microbial species. The activity of the HPA axis in schizophrenia varies and depends mainly on the severity of the disease. This review summarizes the involvement of the HPA axis in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on major depression and schizophrenia, and highlights a possible correlation between these conditions. Although many effective antidepressants are available, a large proportion of patients do not respond to initial treatment. This review also discusses new therapeutic strategies that affect the HPA axis, such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists, vasopressin V1B receptor antagonists and non-psychoactive CB1 receptor agonists in depression and/or schizophrenia.

HPA axis activity and cognition in major depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S18
Author(s):  
Alan F. Schatzberg ◽  
Charles DeBattista ◽  
Michelle Kalchzan ◽  
Joel Posener
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

Multiple reciprocal relationships between in vivo cellular immunity and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in depression

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maes ◽  
H. Y. Meltzer ◽  
W. Stevens ◽  
P. Cosyns ◽  
P. Blockx
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

SynopsisMajor depression is reportedly characterized by increased activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and by in vivo immune activation. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the relationships between HPA-axis activity and in vivo immune function in depression. Towards this end the following parameters were measured: 24 h urinary cortisol (UC) excretion; basal and post-dexamethasone (DST) plasma cortisol, β-endorphin/β-lipotropin (βEND/βLPH) and dexamethasone concentrations; and leucocyte subsets (i.e. lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+, CD4+CD45RA+, CD4+CD45RO+, CD8+, CD8+CD57+, CD8+CD57−, HLA-DR+, CD25+ T cells, HLA-DR+, CD19+, CD20+, and CD21+ B cells) both pre-and post-DST. Dexamethasone administration (1 mg orally) induced leucocytosis, lymphocytopaenia, monocytopaenia and neutrophilia. HPA-axis non-suppressors exhibited a relative resistance to the enhancing (e.g. neutrophils) or depressant (e.g. lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells) effects of dexamethasone. There were significant correlations between UC excretion and the number of percentage of lymphocytes, monocytes, CD4+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD57− T cells (negatively) and neutrophils (positively). It is concluded that multiple and complex intertwined relationships between HPA-axis hyperactivity and systemic immune stimulation participate in the pathophysiology or pathogenesis of major depression.

The Influence of HPA-Axis Activity on Aggression

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robina Khan ◽  
Katja Bertsch ◽  
Ewald Naumann ◽  
Menno R. Kruk ◽  
Patrick Britz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

Geschlechtsunterschiede in Glucocorticoidkonzentrationen und Entzündungsparametern im Zusammenhang mit Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 222-237
Author(s):  
Lena Schneider ◽  
Andreas Walther
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Mesh Terms

ZusammenfassungHintergrund: Frauen erkranken fast doppelt so häufig wie Männer an einer Major Depression. Eine Hyperaktivität der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-Achse (HHNA) und eine chronisch niedrig-gradige Inflammation sind 2 der konsistentesten biologischen Befunde bei schweren Depressionen. Inwiefern diese Parameter für die Existenz von Geschlechtsunterschieden bei Depression eine Rolle spielen, ist noch unzureichend untersucht worden. Methoden: Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche mittels der elektronischen Fachdatenbanken (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES) durchgeführt. Die Suche umfasste alle englischsprachigen Artikel, die bis zum 29. Juni 2019 aufgenommen wurden. Als MeSH terms wurden depression, sex differences, inflammation, hpa axis, mit Zusätzen wie cortisol, crp, IL-6, TNF-alpha, dex/crh oder tsst verwendet. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 62 Primärstudien mit einem Total von 91318 Probanden (52 % Frauen) eingeschlossen werden. Basale Glucocorticoidkonzentrationen scheinen für beide Geschlechter tendenziell positiv mit dem Vorliegen oder der Schwere einer Depressionssymptomatik assoziiert zu sein. Konsistente Geschlechtsunterschiede konnten für die Cortisolreaktion auf einen Stressor sowie für Entzündungsmarker identifiziert werden. Fazit: Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Neurobiologie der Depression sind identifizierbar und geben Anlass für geschlechtsspezifische Untersuchungen der Pathophysiologie von Depressionen und deren geschlechtsspezifischer Behandlungen.

Effects of alprazolam on cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) induced panic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Eser ◽  
P Zwanzger ◽  
S Aicher ◽  
C Schüle ◽  
TC Baghai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity
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