Is the type of remission after a major depressive episode an important risk factor to relapses in a 4-year follow up?

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Pintor ◽  
Xavier Torres ◽  
Victor Navarro ◽  
Silvia Matrai ◽  
Cristobal Gastó
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
Major Depressive

Work stress as a risk factor for major depressive episode(s)

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANLI WANG
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background. Major depression is a prevalent mental disorder in the general population, with a multi-factorial etiology. However, work stress as a risk factor for major depression has not been well studied.Method. Using a longitudinal study design, this analysis investigated the association between the levels of work stress and major depressive episode(s) in the Canadian working population, aged 18 to 64 years. Data from the longitudinal cohort of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were used (n=6663). The NPHS participants who did not have major depressive episodes (MDE) at baseline (1994–1995 NPHS) were classified into four groups by the quartile values of the baseline work stress scores. The proportion of MDE of each group was calculated using the 1996–1997 NPHS data.Results. The first three quartile groups had a similar risk of MDE. Those who had a work stress score above the 75th percentile had an elevated risk of MDE (7·1%). Using the 75th percentile as a cut-off, work stress was significantly associated with the risk of MDE in multivariate analysis (odds ratio=2·35, 95% confidence interval 1·54–3·77). Other factors associated with MDE in multivariate analysis included educational level, number of chronic medical illnesses and child and adulthood traumatic events. There was no evidence of effect modification between work stress and selected sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial variables.Conclusions. Work stress is an independent risk factor for the development of MDE in the working population. Strategies to improve working environment are needed to keep workers mentally healthy and productive.

scholarly journals Overtime Work as a Predictor of Major Depressive Episode: A 5-Year Follow-Up of the Whitehall II Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e30719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Virtanen ◽  
Stephen A. Stansfeld ◽  
Rebecca Fuhrer ◽  
Jane E. Ferrie ◽  
Mika Kivimäki
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Overtime Work

scholarly journals Evaluation of Early Psychological symptoms of Major Limb Amputation in a Tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395
Author(s):  
SB Yilleng ◽  
DD Dapap
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Psychological Outcome ◽  
Major Depressive

Amputation may be used to treat a diseased limb or improve its function, and it is considered the last, albeit valuable option when limb salvage is impossible. The decision to amputate a limb is an emotional process for the patient and the patient's family. The result is often loss of economic power of the individual and his/her independence when not sufficiently rehabilitated back into the society. The aim of the study was to determine early psychological outcome of major limb amputation. This was a prospective study, where 54 consenting patients admitted via either the accident and emergency unit or general outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital for major limb amputation that met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study consecutively over a period of one year. They were assessed for depression with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Instrument, while Rehabilitation outcome was graded using functional independence measure. Intensive counseling with psycho education was commence before amputation and continues after amputation by counselors. Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, coping skills and other life skill training commence after amputation to 3 months of follow up. Only 1 (1.9%) of the respondents was diagnosed with major depressive episode out of the 54 that completed the study. Some of the remaining 53 (98.1%) had few symptoms of depression but did not fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode according to M.I.N.I. The rehabilitation of all the patients were good with a mean functional measure score of 117.59 (sd=3.328) and a P-value of 0.00 at discharge and even after follow up. Our findings show that early and proper rehabilitation of amputees seem to reduce their psychological symptoms. Tendency to get depressed following amputation is more common in the younger age group, female gender and in amputations as a result of trauma while rehabilitation seems better in same and vice versa.

Early Response and Remission as Predictors of a Good Outcome of a Major Depressive Episode at 12-Month Follow-Up

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ciudad ◽  
Enrique Álvarez ◽  
Miquel Roca ◽  
Enrique Baca ◽  
Luis Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Good Outcome

Responses to depression in unipolar depressed patients: an investigation of Nolen-Hoeksema's response styles theory

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE KUEHNER ◽  
IRIS WEBER
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Response Styles Theory

Background. The response styles theory suggests that rumination in response to depressed mood exacerbates and prolongs depression, while distraction ameliorates and shortens it. Gender differences in response styles are said to contribute to the observed gender differences in the prevalence of unipolar depression. While empirical support for the theory has been found from a variety of non-clinical studies, its generalizability to clinically depressed patient populations remains unclear.Methods. A cohort of 52 unipolar depressed in-patients was assessed with the Response Styles Questionnaire during in-patient stay (T1) and 4 weeks after discharge (T2). The patients were followed up 4 months after discharge (T3). Clinical assessment included the SCAN-PSE-10.Results. Moderate and statistically significant retest-stabilities for rumination and distraction were found, comparable for patients with stable and changing depression status from T1 to T2. A cross-sectional diagnosis of a major depressive episode was associated with rumination, while gender was not. Post-discharge baseline rumination (T2), adjusted for concurrent depression, predicted follow-up levels of depression (T3), and, in patients who were non-remitted at post-discharge baseline, it predicted presence of a major depressive episode at follow-up (T3). Results on distraction were more ambiguous.Conclusions. Our results suggest that rumination is likely to have a deteriorating impact on the course of clinical episodes of depression in unipolar depressed patients. Larger longitudinal patient studies are needed to validate these findings.

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