21.2 Substance Use Among Children With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Followed Prospectively Into Early Adulthood in the MTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. S334-S335
Author(s):  
John T. Mitchell ◽  
Andrea L. Howard ◽  
James M. Swanson ◽  
Traci M. Kennedy ◽  
Annamarie Stehli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Treatment of Adolescents with Concurrent Substance Use Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3908
Author(s):  
Heval Özgen ◽  
Renske Spijkerman ◽  
Moritz Noack ◽  
Martin Holtmann ◽  
Arnt Schellekens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for the development of substance abuse and substance use disorders (SUD) in adolescence and (early) adulthood. ADHD and SUD also frequently co-occur in treatment-seeking adolescents, which complicates diagnosis and treatment, and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. In this study, we provide a systematic review of controlled studies on the effectiveness of pharmacological, psychosocial, and complementary treatments of ADHD in adolescents with and without comorbid SUD. In addition, we review the longitudinal association between pharmacotherapy for childhood ADHD and the development of SUD in adolescence and early adulthood. We conducted a systematic review of the research literature published since 2000 using Medline, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases to select randomized clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses. The quality of the evidence from each study was rated using the SIGN grading system. Based on the limited evidence available, strong clinical recommendations are not justified, but provisionally, we conclude that stimulant treatment in children with ADHD may prevent the development of SUD in adolescence or young adulthood, that high-dose stimulant treatment could be an effective treatment for adolescents with ADHD and SUD comorbidity, that cognitive behavior therapy might have a small beneficial effect in these patients, and that alternative treatments are probably not effective. More studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions that will allow for strong clinical recommendations.

scholarly journals Does Cannabis, Cocaine and Alcohol Use Impact Differently on Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Picture?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Vincenza Spera ◽  
Alessandro Pallucchini ◽  
Marco Carli ◽  
Marco Maiello ◽  
Angelo G. I. Maremmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Dual Disorder ◽  
Adhd Subtype

While the association between adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (A-ADHD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) has been widely explored, less attention has been dedicated to the various substance use variants. In a previous paper, we identified two variants: type 1 (use of stimulants/alcohol) and type 2 (use of cannabinoids). In this study, we compared demographic, clinical and symptomatologic features between Dual Disorder A-ADHD (DD/A-ADHD) patients according to our substance use typology, and A-ADHD without DD (NDD/A-ADHD) ones. NDD patients were more frequently diagnosed as belonging to inattentive ADHD subtype compared with type 1 DD/A-ADHD patients, but not with respect to type 2 DD/ADHD. NDD/A-ADHD patients showed less severe symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity than DD/A-ADHD type 1, but not type 2. Type 1 and type 2 patients shared the feature of displaying higher impulsiveness than NDD/A-ADHD ones. General psychopathology scores were more severe in type 2 DD/ADHD patients, whereas type 1 patients showed greater similarity to NDD/A-ADHD. Legal problems were more strongly represented in type 1 than in type 2 patients or NDD/A-ADHD ones. Our results suggest that type 1 and type 2 substance use differ in their effects on A-ADHD patients—an outcome that brings with it different likely implications in dealing with the diagnostic and therapeutic processes.

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