scholarly journals Impact of a Common Genetic Variation Associated With Putamen Volume on Neural Mechanisms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Xu ◽  
Tianye Jia ◽  
Christine Macare ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
Arun L.W. Bokde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Common Genetic Variation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

EXPLORING GENETIC VARIATION THAT INFLUENCES BRAIN METHYLATION IN ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S886-S887
Author(s):  
Laura Pineda-Cirera ◽  
Anu Shivalikanjli ◽  
Judit Cabana-Domínguez ◽  
Ditte Demontis ◽  
Anders D. Børglum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Neural Mechanisms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Are Stratified by MAOA Genotype

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Nymberg ◽  
Tianye Jia ◽  
Steven Lubbe ◽  
Barbara Ruggeri ◽  
Sylvane Desrivieres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Emotional response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: neural and behavioural data

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2057-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López-Martín ◽  
J. Albert ◽  
A. Fernández-Jaén ◽  
L. Carretié
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Related Potentials

BackgroundAlthough both emotion and response inhibition are thought to be important in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie the interaction between these two processes in patients with this disorder. This study aimed at examining how emotional contexts affect inhibitory control in children with ADHD.MethodA total of 24 ADHD children and 24 healthy comparison subjects performed a modified go/no-go task during three different emotionally laden contexts: negative, neutral and positive. To explore the timing and the underlying neural substrates of emotion-modulated response inhibition, event-related potentials were measured and further analysed both at the scalp and at the voxel level.ResultsPatients with ADHD showed greater activation of inhibition-related neural mechanisms (i.e. no-go P3 amplitudes and orbitofrontal cortex activity) to maintain a similar level of performance as healthy comparison subjects, especially during the emotionally arousing contexts (negative and positive).ConclusionsThis study provides plausible neural mechanisms for the difficulty that ADHD children have in controlling their behaviour in highly emotional situations. Such emotional contexts might increase the need for top-down inhibitory control and put ADHD children at greater risk for impulsive behaviours and emotional dysregulation.

scholarly journals The devil is in the detail: exploring the intrinsic neural mechanisms that link attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology to ongoing cognition

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 1185-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Vatansever ◽  
Natali S. Bozhilova ◽  
Philip Asherson ◽  
Jonathan Smallwood
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Indirect Consequence

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental condition that profoundly affects quality of life. Although mounting evidence now suggests uncontrolled mind-wandering as a core aspect of the attentional problems associated with ADHD, the neural mechanisms underpinning this deficit remains unclear. To that extent, competing views argue for (i) excessive generation of task-unrelated mental content, or (ii) deficiency in the control of task-relevant cognition.MethodsIn a cross-sectional investigation of a large neurotypical cohort (n = 184), we examined alterations in the intrinsic brain functional connectivity architecture of the default mode (DMN) and frontoparietal (FPN) networks during resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in relation to ADHD symptomatology, which could potentially underlie changes in ongoing thought within variable environmental contexts.ResultsThe results illustrated that ADHD symptoms were linked to lower levels of detail in ongoing thought while the participants made more difficult, memory based decisions. Moreover, greater ADHD scores were associated with lower levels of connectivity between the DMN and right sensorimotor cortex, and between the FPN and right ventral visual cortex. Finally, a combination of high levels of ADHD symptomology with reduced FPN connectivity to the visual cortex was associated with reduced levels of detail in thought.ConclusionsThe results of our study suggest that the frequent mind-wandering observed in ADHD may be an indirect consequence of the deficient control of ongoing cognition in response to increasing environmental demands, and that this may partly arise from dysfunctions in the intrinsic organisation of the FPN at rest.

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