35.3 PARENTAL AGE AND DIFFERENTIAL RISK FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER, ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER, AND TOURETTE'S DISORDER/CHRONIC TIC DISORDER: DATA FROM A LARGE NATIONAL COHORT

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. S313
Author(s):  
Dorothy E. Grice
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder ◽  
National Cohort

scholarly journals Subcortical brain volume, regional cortical thickness and cortical surface area across attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premika S.W. Boedhoe ◽  
Daan van Rooij ◽  
Martine Hoogman ◽  
Jos W.R. Twisk ◽  
Lianne Schmaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACTObjectiveAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. We aimed to directly compare all three disorders. The ENIGMA consortium is ideally positioned to investigate structural brain alterations across these disorders.MethodsStructural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI of controls (n=5,827) and patients with ADHD (n=2,271), ASD (n=1,777), and OCD (n=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. We examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness and surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex and site (and ICV for subcortical and surface area measures).ResultsWe found no shared alterations among all three disorders, while shared alterations between any two disorders did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Children with ADHD compared to those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller ICV than controls and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared to adult controls and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific alterations across different age-groups and surface area alterations among all disorders in childhood and adulthood were observed.ConclusionOur findings suggest robust but subtle alterations across different age-groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific ICV and hippocampal alterations in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness alterations in the frontal cortex in adults support previous work emphasizing neurodevelopmental alterations in these disorders.

scholarly journals WISC-IV performance of children with Chronic Tic Disorder, Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: results from a German clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Wanderer ◽  
Veit Roessner ◽  
Anja Strobel ◽  
Julia Martini
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder ◽  
New Findings

Abstract Background Chronic Tic Disorder (CTD), Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are complex neuropsychiatric disorders that frequently co-occur. The aim of this study was to examine WISC-IV performance of a clinical cohort of children with CTD, OCD and/or ADHD. Methods N = 185 children aged 6 to 17 years from Germany with CTD, OCD and/or ADHD were examined with the WISC-IV that comprises four index scores (VCI: Verbal Comprehension Index, PRI: Perceptual Reasoning Index, WMI: Working Memory Index, PSI: Processing Speed Index) and a Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). WISC-IV profiles of children with CTD-only, OCD-only, ADHD-only, CTD+ADHD, CTD+OCD and CTD+OCD+ADHD were compared with the WISC-IV norm (N = 1650, M = 100 and SD = 15) and among each other. Results Unpaired t-tests revealed that children with ADHD-only showed significant lower PSI scores, whereas children with CTD-only and OCD-only had significant higher VCI scores as compared to the German WISC-IV norm. One-way ANOVA revealed that children with ADHD-only showed significant lower WMI scores as compared to children with CTD+OCD. Conclusions We were able to confirm previous evidence on WISC-IV profiles in ADHD in a German clinical sample and contribute new findings on cognitive performance in children with (non-)comorbid CTD and OCD that have to be seen in light of the study’s limitations.

scholarly journals Cross-disorder GWAS meta-analysis for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Tourette Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Yang ◽  
Hanrui Wu ◽  
Phil H. Lee ◽  
Fotis Tsetsos ◽  
Lea K. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Tourette Syndrome (TS) are among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence. High comorbidity rates across these four disorders point toward a common etiological thread that could be connecting them across the repetitive behaviors-impulsivity-compulsivity continuum. Aiming to uncover the shared genetic basis across ADHD, ASD, OCD, and TS, we undertake a systematic cross-disorder meta-analysis, integrating summary statistics from all currently available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for these disorders, as made available by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH). We present analysis of a combined dataset of 93,294 individuals, across 6,788,510 markers and investigate associations on the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), gene and pathway levels across all four disorders but also pairwise. In the ADHD-ASD-OCD-TS cross disorder GWAS meta-analysis, we uncover in total 297 genomewide significant variants from six LD (linkage disequilibrium) -independent genomic risk regions. Out of these genomewide significant association results, 199 SNPs, that map onto four genomic regions, show high posterior probability for association with at least three of the studied disorders (m-value>0.9). Gene-based GWAS meta-analysis across ADHD, ASD, OCD, and TS identified 21 genes significantly associated under Bonferroni correction. Out of those, 15 could not be identified as significantly associated based on the individual disorder GWAS dataset, indicating increased power in the cross-disorder comparisons. Cross-disorder tissue-specificity analysis implicates the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (stress response) as possibly underlying shared pathophysiology across ADHD, ASD, OCD, and TS. Our work highlights genetic variants and genes that may contribute to overlapping neurobiology across the four studied disorders and highlights the value of re-defining the framework for the study across this spectrum of highly comorbid disorders, by using transdiagnostic approaches.

scholarly journals Emotional face processing across neurodevelopmental disorders: a dynamic faces study in children with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlee M. Vandewouw ◽  
EunJung Choi ◽  
Christopher Hammill ◽  
Paul Arnold ◽  
Russell Schachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Emotional Face Processing ◽  
Dynamic Faces ◽  
Emotional Face

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classically associated with poor face processing skills, yet evidence suggests that those with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also have difficulties understanding emotions. We determined the neural underpinnings of dynamic emotional face processing across these three clinical paediatric groups, including developmental trajectories, compared with typically developing (TD) controls. We studied 279 children, 5–19 years of age but 57 were excluded due to excessive motion in fMRI, leaving 222: 87 ASD, 44 ADHD, 42 OCD and 49 TD. Groups were sex- and age-matched. Dynamic faces (happy, angry) and dynamic flowers were presented in 18 pseudo-randomized blocks while fMRI data were collected with a 3T MRI. Group-by-age interactions and group difference contrasts were analysed for the faces vs. flowers and between happy and angry faces. TD children demonstrated different activity patterns across the four contrasts; these patterns were more limited and distinct for the NDDs. Processing happy and angry faces compared to flowers yielded similar activation in occipital regions in the NDDs compared to TDs. Processing happy compared to angry faces showed an age by group interaction in the superior frontal gyrus, increasing with age for ASD and OCD, decreasing for TDs. Children with ASD, ADHD and OCD differentiated less between dynamic faces and dynamic flowers, with most of the effects seen in the occipital and temporal regions, suggesting that emotional difficulties shared in NDDs may be partly attributed to shared atypical visual information processing.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-176
Author(s):  
Karen Bearss ◽  
Aaron J. Kaat
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Delayed Recognition

This chapter will review the available evidence on individuals with co-occurring diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This chapter contends that children diagnosed with both disorders (ASD+ADHD) are a subset of the ASD population that is at risk for delayed recognition of their ASD diagnosis, poor treatment response, and poorer functional outcomes compared to those with ASD without ADHD. Specifically, the chapter highlights the best estimates of the prevalence of the comorbidity, the developmental trajectory of people with co-occurring ASD and ADHD, how ADHD symptoms change across development, overlapping genetic and neurobiological risk factors, psychometrics of ADHD diagnostic instruments in an ASD population, neuropsychological and functional impairments associated with co-occurring ASD and ADHD, and the current state of evidence-based treatment for both ASD and ADHD symptoms. Finally, the chapter discusses fruitful avenues of research for improving understanding of this high-risk comorbidity so that mechanism-to-treatment pathways for ADHD in children with ASD can be better developed.

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