scholarly journals Corticospinal Tract Anatomy and Functional Connectivity of Primary Motor Cortex in Autism

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Carper ◽  
Seraphina Solders ◽  
Jeffrey M. Treiber ◽  
Inna Fishman ◽  
Ralph-Axel Müller
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Corticospinal Tract

Abnormal dynamic brain activity and functional connectivity of primary motor cortex in blepharospasm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Luo ◽  
Yaomin Guo ◽  
Linchang Zhong ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Chao Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity

scholarly journals Reduced functional connectivity within the primary motor cortex of patients with brachial plexus injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fraiman ◽  
M.F. Miranda ◽  
F. Erthal ◽  
P.F. Buur ◽  
M. Elschot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury

Corticospinal tract integrity is related to primary motor cortex thinning in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Bergsland ◽  
Maria Marcella Laganà ◽  
Eleonora Tavazzi ◽  
Matteo Caffini ◽  
Paola Tortorella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: The relationship between white matter injury and cortical atrophy development in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) remains unclear. Objectives: To investigate the associations between corticospinal tract integrity and cortical morphology measures of the primary motor cortex in RRMS patients and healthy controls. Methods: 51 RRMS patients and 30 healthy controls underwent MRI examination for cortical reconstruction and assessment of corticospinal tract integrity. Partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations of focal and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) injury of the corticospinal tract with thickness and surface area measures of the primary motor cortex. Relationships between MRI measures and clinical disability as assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale and disease duration were also investigated. Results: In patients only, decreased cortical thickness was related to increased corticospinal tract NAWM mean, axial and radial diffusivities in addition to corticospinal tract lesion volume. The final multiple linear regression model for PMC thickness retained only NAWM axial diffusivity as a significant predictor (adjusted R2= 0.270, p= 0.001). Clinical measures were associated with NAWM corticospinal tract integrity measures. Conclusions: Primary motor cortex thinning in RRMS is related to alterations in connected white matter and is best explained by decreased NAWM integrity.

scholarly journals Shared functional connectivity between the dorso-medial and dorso-ventral streams in macaques

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stefan Greulich ◽  
Ramina Adam ◽  
Stefan Everling ◽  
Hansjörg Scherberger
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Related Information

Abstract Manipulation of an object requires us to transport our hand towards the object (reach) and close our digits around that object (grasp). In current models, reach-related information is propagated in the dorso-medial stream from posterior parietal area V6A to medial intraparietal area, dorsal premotor cortex, and primary motor cortex. Grasp-related information is processed in the dorso-ventral stream from the anterior intraparietal area to ventral premotor cortex and the hand area of primary motor cortex. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the validity of this separation in separate processing streams. We investigated in 10 male rhesus macaques the whole-brain functional connectivity of these areas using resting state fMRI at 7-T. Although we found a clear separation between dorso-medial and dorso-ventral network connectivity in support of the two-stream hypothesis, we also found evidence of shared connectivity between these networks. The dorso-ventral network was distinctly correlated with high-order somatosensory areas and feeding related areas, whereas the dorso-medial network with visual areas and trunk/hindlimb motor areas. Shared connectivity was found in the superior frontal and precentral gyrus, central sulcus, intraparietal sulcus, precuneus, and insular cortex. These results suggest that while sensorimotor processing streams are functionally separated, they can access information through shared areas.

Abstract 12: Effect of Corticospinal Tract Injury on Motor Cortex Function and Connectivity After Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C Cramer ◽  
Jessica M Cassidy ◽  
Morgan Ingemanson ◽  
Ramesh Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Lead System ◽  
Hemiparetic Stroke

Background and Purpose: Behavioral outcome after stroke is the product of both neural injury and neural function. Little is known about how injury to the corticospinal tract (CST) affects the function of motor cortex. The purpose of this study was to understand how subcortical injury to the CST affects function and connectivity of motor cortex. Methods: Patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke completed (1) a 3-minute resting-state EEG recording using a dense-array (256-lead) system, (2) a structural MRI scan, and (3) behavioral testing. Motor cortex activity was defined as EEG power within the high beta (20-30 Hz) frequency band commonly associated with motor network activity. Motor cortex connectivity was defined as coherence in the same frequency band. CST injury was defined as % lesion overlap with CST. Results: Of the 39 subjects (56 ± 14 years, 10 females, 15 ± 25 months post-stroke), none had injury to ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1). Spearman correlation analyses revealed that increased CST injury was significantly related to reduced cortical activity in EEG leads overlying M1 (r= -0.48, p <0.002), dorsal premotor cortex (r= -0.41, p= 0.01), and supplementary motor area (r= -0.41, p= 0.01), but not in any other brain region, bilaterally. However, increased CST injury was not associated with any changes in M1 connectivity. Arm motor status (Fugl-Meyer score) tended to be associated with increased CST injury (r= -0.28, p= 0.08) but had no relationship with M1 connectivity. Conclusions: Increased CST injury after stroke is associated with decreased activity in those motor areas that issue descending fibers via this tract, a finding consistent with prior reports indicating that axonal injury modulates upstream function of surviving cortical elements. Increased CST injury was not associated with changes in M1 connectivity, suggesting a retained capacity for plasticity in support of behavioral recovery.

scholarly journals Early parietofrontal network upregulation relates to future persistent deficits after severe stroke – a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winifried Backhaus ◽  
Hanna Braaß ◽  
Focko L Higgen ◽  
Christian Gerloff ◽  
Robert Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Correlative Models

Abstract Recent brain imaging has evidenced that parietofrontal networks show alterations after stroke which also relate to motor recovery processes. There is converging evidence for an upregulation of parietofrontal coupling between parietal brain regions and frontal motor cortices. The majority of studies though have included only moderately to mildly affected patients, particularly in the subacute or chronic stage. Whether these network alterations will also be present in severely affected patients and early after stroke and whether such information can improve correlative models to infer motor recovery remains unclear. In this prospective cohort study, nineteen severely affected first-ever stroke patients (mean age 74 years, 12 females) were analysed which underwent resting-state functional MRI and clinical testing during the initial week after the event. Clinical evaluation of neurological and motor impairment as well as global disability was repeated after three and six months. Nineteen healthy participants of similar age and gender were also recruited. MRI data were used to calculate functional connectivity values between the ipsilesional primary motor cortex, the ventral premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area and the anterior and caudal intraparietal sulcus of the ipsilesional hemisphere. Linear regression models were estimated to compare parietofrontal functional connectivity between stroke patients and healthy controls and to relate them to motor recovery. The main finding was a significant increase in ipsilesional parietofrontal coupling between anterior intraparietal sulcus and the primary motor cortex in severely affected stroke patients (P &lt; 0.003). This upregulation significantly contributed to correlative models explaining variability in subsequent neurological and global disability as quantified by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale, respectively. Patients with increased parietofrontal coupling in the acute stage showed higher levels of persistent deficits in the late subacute stage of recovery (P &lt; 0.05). This study provides novel insights that parietofrontal networks of the ipsilesional hemisphere undergo neuroplastic alteration already very early after severe motor stroke. The association between early parietofrontal upregulation and future levels of persistent functional deficits and dependence from help in daily living might be useful in models to enhance clinical neurorehabilitative decision making.

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: The contribution of resting-state functional connectivity reorganization

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1696-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvino Bisecco ◽  
Federica Di Nardo ◽  
Renato Docimo ◽  
Giuseppina Caiazzo ◽  
Alessandro d’Ambrosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sensorimotor Network

Objectives: To investigate resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) of the default-mode network (DMN) and of sensorimotor network (SMN) network in relapsing remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with fatigue (F) and without fatigue(NF). Methods: In all, 59 RRMS patients and 29 healthy controls (HC) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol including resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI). Functional connectivity of the DMN and SMN was evaluated by independent component analysis (ICA). A linear regression analysis was performed to explore whether fatigue was mainly driven by changes observed in the DMN or in the SMN. Regional gray matter atrophy was assessed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Results: Compared to HC, F-MS patients showed a stronger RS-FC in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and a reduced RS-FC in the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) of the DMN. F-MS patients, compared to NF-MS patients, revealed (1) an increased RS-FC in the PCC and a reduced RS-FC in the ACC of the DMN and (2) an increased RS-FC in the primary motor cortex and in the supplementary motor cortex of the SMN. The regression analysis suggested that fatigue is mainly driven by RS-FC changes of the DMN. Conclusions: Fatigue in RRMS is mainly associated to a functional rearrangement of non-motor RS networks.

116. Functional connectivity between cortical speech network and primary motor cortex is abnormal in spasmodic dysphonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. e27 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Giovannelli ◽  
L. Marsili ◽  
A. Suppa ◽  
F. Di Stasio ◽  
L. Rocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Spasmodic Dysphonia
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