Sex differences in mental rotation and cortical activation patterns: Can training change them?

Intelligence ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Jaušovec ◽  
Ksenija Jaušovec
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Activation Patterns

scholarly journals Functional disruption of cortical cingulate activity attenuates visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety induced by acute experimental colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Brenner ◽  
Leah Zerlin ◽  
Linette Liqi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Noxious Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractVisceral pain is a highly complex experience and is the most common pathological feature in patients suffering from inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. Whilst it is increasingly recognized that aberrant neural processing within the gut-brain axis plays a key role in development of neurological symptoms, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the cortical activation patterns and effects of non-invasive chemogenetic suppression of cortical activity on visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-related phenotypes in a well-characterized mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We found that within the widespread cortical network, the mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) was consistently highly activated in response to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of the colon. Furthermore, during acute experimental colitis, impairing the activity of the MCC successfully alleviated visceral hypersensitivity, anxiety-like behaviors and visceromotor responses to colorectal distensions (CRDs) via downregulating the excitability of the posterior insula (PI), somatosensory and the rostral anterior cingulate cortices (rACC), but not the prefrontal or anterior insula cortices. These results provide a mechanistic insight into the central cortical circuits underlying painful visceral manifestations and implicate MCC plasticity as a putative target in cingulate-mediated therapies for bowel disorders.

Sex differences in respiratory muscle activation patterns during high-intensity exercise in healthy humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid A. Mitchell ◽  
Michele R. Schaeffer ◽  
Andrew H. Ramsook ◽  
Sabrina S. Wilkie ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Healthy Humans

Sex Differences in Mental Rotation Ability Are a Consequence of Procedure and Artificiality of Stimuli

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryanne L. Fisher ◽  
Tami Meredith ◽  
Melissa Gray
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation

scholarly journals Sex differences in virtual navigation influenced by visual factors and individual differences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lace Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Virtual Morris Water Maze

The Morris water maze is a task adapted from the animal spatial cognition literature and has been studied in the context of sex differences in humans, particularly because of the standard design, which manipulates proximal (close) and distal (far) cues. However, there are mixed findings with respect to the interaction of cues and sex differences in virtual Morris water maze tasks, which may be attributed to variations in the scale of the space and previously unmeasured individual differences. We explore the question of scale and context by presenting participants with an outdoor virtual Morris water maze that is four times the size of the mazes previously tested. We also measured lifetime mobility and mental rotation skills. Results of this study suggest that for the small-scale environment, males and females performed similarly when asked to navigate with only proximal cues. However, males outperformed females when only distal cues were visible. In the large-scale environment, males outperformed females in both cue conditions. Additionally, greater mental rotation skills predicted better navigation performance with proximal cues only. Finally, we found that highly mobile females and males perform equally well when navigating with proximal cues.

scholarly journals REVEALING CORTICAL ACTIVATION PATTERNS OF NOVEL TASK PERFORMANCE IN CHILDREN WITH LOW COORDINATION VIA FNIRS

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Joshi ◽  
Benjamin Weedon ◽  
Patrick Esser ◽  
Yan-Ci Liu ◽  
Daniella Springett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Activation Patterns

Anatomically-constrained distributed cortical activation patterns from MEG during word-processing: Validation using fMRI and intracranial EEG

NeuroImage ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. S175 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Halgren ◽  
J.D. Lewine ◽  
K. Marinkovic ◽  
R.L. Buckner ◽  
K.M. Paulson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Intracranial Eeg ◽  
Activation Patterns
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