Modeling the impact of dam removal on channel evolution and sediment delivery in a multiple dam setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Poeppl ◽  
T. Coulthard ◽  
S.D. Keesstra ◽  
M. Keiler
Keyword(s):  
Dam Removal ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Channel Evolution ◽  
The Impact

Experiments on channel evolution due to dam removal in Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1396-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wen Wang ◽  
Ying-Che Cheng ◽  
Chung-Yi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dam Removal ◽  
Channel Evolution

Channel evolution after dam removal in a poorly sorted sediment mixture: Experiments and numerical model

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 8997-9019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Ferrer-Boix ◽  
Juan P. Martín-Vide ◽  
Gary Parker
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Dam Removal ◽  
Mixture Experiments ◽  
Channel Evolution ◽  
Sediment Mixture

scholarly journals The impact of pro‐glacial lakes on downstream sediment delivery in Norway

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 942-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Bogen ◽  
Mengzhen Xu ◽  
Patricia Kennie
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Sediment Budgets for Small Salinized Agricultural Catchments in Southwest Australia and Implications for Phosphorus Transport

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3564
Author(s):  
Robert J. Wasson ◽  
David M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Phosphorus Transport ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Sediment Storage ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Sediment Budgets ◽  
Southwest Australia ◽  
The Impact

Examples of sediment budgets are needed to document the range of budget types and their controls. Sediment budgets for three small agricultural catchments (7.6 to 15.6 km2) in southwestern Australia are dominated by channel and gully erosion, with sheet and rill erosion playing a subordinate role. Erosion was increased by clearing naturally swampy valley floors and hillslopes for agriculture and grazing, and episodic intense rainstorms. The proportion of sediment from channel and gully erosion in the sediment budget appears to be determined by the depth of alluvial fills. Dryland salinization caused by clearing native vegetation has connected hillslopes to channels across narrow floodplains, increasing the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR). Yield and SDR are found to be insensitive to major in-catchment changes of vegetation cover after initial clearing, the ratio of sheet and rill erosion/channel and gully erosion, and sediment storage masses. This supports the idea that yield alone is often a poor indicator of the impact of land use and land management change. Riparian vegetation would reduce sediment yield but not phosphorus yield. This study demonstrates the value of mixed methods where field observations and chemical analysis are combined with information from local people.

scholarly journals Holocene hydrological changes in the Rhône River (NW Mediterranean) as recorded in the marine mud belt

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1539-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Angela Bassetti ◽  
Serge Berné ◽  
Marie-Alexandrine Sicre ◽  
Bernard Dennielou ◽  
Yoann Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
The North ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Expanded marine Holocene archives are relatively scarce in the Mediterranean Sea because most of the sediments were trapped in catchment areas during this period. Mud belts are the most suitable targets to access expanded Holocene records. These sedimentary bodies represent excellent archives for the study of sea–land interactions and notably the impact of the hydrological activity on sediment accumulation. We retrieved a 7.2 m long sediment core from the Rhône mud belt in the Gulf of Lions in an area where the average accumulation rate is ca. 0.70 m 1000 yr−1. This core thus provides a continuous and high-resolution record of the last 10 ka cal BP. A multiproxy dataset (XRF core scan, 14C dates, grain size and organic-matter analysis) combined with seismic stratigraphic analysis was used to document decadal to centennial changes in the Rhône hydrological activity. Our results show that (1) the early Holocene was characterized by high sediment delivery likely indicative of local intense (but short-duration) rainfall events, (2) important sediment delivery around 7 ka cal BP presumably related to increased river flux, (3) a progressive increase in continental/marine input during the mid-Holocene despite increased distance from river outlets due to sea-level rise possibly related to higher atmospheric humidity caused by the southward migration of the storm tracks in the North Atlantic, (4) multidecadal to centennial humid events took place in the late Holocene. Some of these events correspond to the cold periods identified in the North Atlantic (Little Ice Age, LIA; Dark Ages Cold Period) and also coincide with time intervals of major floods in the northern Alps. Other humid events are also observed during relatively warm periods (Roman Humid Period and Medieval Climate Anomaly).

scholarly journals Interactions between fine-grained sediment delivery, river bed deposition and salmonid spawning success

2015 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pattison ◽  
D. A. Sear ◽  
A. L. Collins ◽  
J. I. Jones ◽  
P. S. Naden
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fine Sediment ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
River Bed ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Salmonids clean river bed gravels to lay their eggs. However, during the incubation period fine sediment infiltrates the bed. This has been found to limit the success of salmonid spawning, as fine sediment reduces gravel permeability resulting in intra-gravel flow velocities and O2 concentrations decreasing. The success of salmonid spawning is therefore a function of the coincidence of fine sediment delivery and the development of the salmonid eggs. The presence of fine sediment also exerts sub-lethal effects on the rate of egg development with a negative feedback slowing and extending the incubation process meaning the eggs are in the gravels for longer and susceptible to more potential sediment delivery events. The SIDO (Sediment Intrusion and Dissolved Oxygen)-UK model is a physically-based numerical model which simulates the effect of fine sediment deposition on the abiotic characteristics of the salmonid redd, along with the consequences for egg development and survival. This model is used to investigate the interactions and feedbacks between the timing and concentrations of suspended sediment delivery events, and the deposition of fine sediment within the gravel bed, and the consequences of this on the rate of egg development and survival. The model simulations suggest that egg survival is highly sensitive to suspended sediment concentrations, particularly to changes in the supply rate of sand particles. The magnitude, frequency and specific timing of sediment delivery events effects egg survival rates. The modelling framework is also used to investigate the impact of the rate of gravel infilling by sediment. The hypotheses of continual, discrete event and non-linear decline in the rate of infilling are investigated.

scholarly journals Rainfall and water yield in Macizo del Caroig, Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Event runoff at plot scale during a rare flash flood at the Barranco de Benacancil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cerdà ◽  
A. Novara ◽  
P. Dlapa ◽  
M. López-Vicente ◽  
X. Úbeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Runoff Discharge ◽  
The Impact

Floods are a consequence of extreme rainfall events. Although surface runoff generation is the origin of discharge, flood research usually focuses on lowlands where the impact is higher. Runoff and sediment delivery at slope and pedon scale receiving much less attention in the effort to understand flood behaviour in time and space. This is especially relevant in areas where, due to climatic and hydrogeological conditions, streams are ephemeral, so-called dry rivers (“wadis”, "ramblas" or “barrancos”) that are widespread throughout the Mediterranean. This paper researches the relationship between water delivery at pedon and slope scale with dry river floods in Macizo del Caroig, Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Plots of 1x1, 1x2, 1x4, and 2x8 m located in the “El Teularet” Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Station were monitored from 2004 to 2014 to measure soil and water delivery. Rainfall and flow at the dry river Barranco de Benacancil were also monitored. Results show that runoff and sediment discharge were concentrated in few events during the 11 years of research. A single flood event was registered in the channel on September 28, 2009, however, the runoff was registered 160 times at the plots. Runoff discharge was dependent on the size of the plots, with larger plots yielding lower runoff discharge per unit area, suggesting short runoff-travel distance and duration. Three rainfall events contributed with 26% of the whole runoff discharge, and five achieved 56% of the runoff. We conclude that the runoff generated at the plot scale is disconnected from the main channel. From a spatial point of view, there is a decrease in runoff coefficient along the slope. From a temporal point of view, the runoff is concentrated in a few rainfall events. These results show that the runoff generated at plot and slope scale does not contribute to the floods except for rainfall events with more than 100 mm day-1. The disconnection of the runoff and sediment delivery is confirmed by the reduction in the runoff delivery at plot scale due to the control of the length of the plot (slope) on the runoff and sediment delivery.

Impact of fires, earthquakes, and climate on catchment response since 600 CE, Pallett Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, Southern California USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Scharer ◽  
Jenifer Leidelmeijer ◽  
Matthew Kirby ◽  
Nicole Bonuso ◽  
Devin McPhillips
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
San Gabriel Mountains ◽  
High Sedimentation ◽  
Landscape Response ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
The Impact

<div> <p>In tectonically active regions, sedimentary records are overprinted by landscape response to climate, fire, and local earthquakes.  We explore this issue using a new paleoclimate record developed at the Pallett Creek paleoseismic site in southern California USA, a recently incised distal fan located along the San Andreas Fault at the base of a 35 km<sup>2</sup> catchment in the San Gabriel Mountains.  To date, we have analyzed 6 m of section, spanning the last 1300 yr, for grain size, total organic material (TOM), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios, magnetic susceptibility, and charcoal count. Existing C-14 dates (Scharer et al., 2011) inform rates of sediment deposition and charcoal accumulation (CHAR). Additional dating and macrofossil analysis is ongoing.  Sedimentological variability within the section is dominated by two general units. Unit 1 is characterized by high % clay, % silt, and % TOM, while Unit 2 is distinctly coarser with higher % sand and lower % TOM.  Pulses of high CHAR occur from 1150-1260 yr BP and during the Little Ice Age (100-500 yr BP) and are associated with high sedimentation rates (0.3-2 cm/yr), while only a few relatively weak fire episodes are recorded in the Medieval Climate Anomaly (700-1000 yr BP), despite similarly high sedimentation rates (0.6 cm/yr).  Ten earthquakes documented at the site (Sieh et al., 1989) occurred about every 135 years and impart no obvious short-term impact on sedimentation rates, perhaps reflecting the distance between the site and steeper portions of the drainage network (>4 km) likely to produce mass wasting.  Overall, the landscape response of this large, integrated catchment appears to reflect a stronger influence of fire and climate than earthquakes. Future work will focus on the impact of the fire episodes on sediment delivery and resultant paleoearthquake ages.</p> </div>

scholarly journals Holocene hydrological changes of the Rhone River (NW Mediterranean) as recorded in the marine mud belt

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bassetti ◽  
S. Berné ◽  
M. A. Sicre ◽  
B. Dennielou ◽  
Y. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
The North ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Expanded marine Holocene archives are relatively scarce in the Mediterranean Sea because most of the sediments were trapped in catchment areas during this period. Mud belts are most suitable targets to access expanded Holocene records. These sedimentary bodies represent excellent archives for the study of sea-land interactions and notably the impact of the hydrological activity on sediment accumulation. We retrieved a 7.2 m-long sediment core from the Rhone mud belt in the Gulf of Lions in an area where the average accumulation rate is of ca. 0.70 m/1000 years. This core thus provides a continuous and high-resolution record of the last 10 ka cal BP. A multi-proxy dataset (XRF-core scan, 14C dates, grain size and organic matter analysis) combined with seismic stratigraphic analysis was used to document decadal to centennial changes of the Rhone hydrological activity. Our results show that 1) the Early Holocene was characterized by high sediment delivery likely indicative of local intense (but short duration) rainfall events , 2) important sediment delivery around 7 ka cal BP roughly presumably related to increased river flux, 3) a progressive increase of continental/marine input during the Mid-Holocene despite increased distance from river outlets due to sea-level rise possibly related to higher atmospheric humidity caused by the southward migration of the storm tracks in the North Atlantic, 4) multi-decadal to centennial humid events in the Late Holocene. Some of these events correspond to the cold periods identified in the North Atlantic (Little Ice Age, LIA; Dark Age) and also coincide with time intervals of major floods a in the Northern Alps. Other humid events are also observed during relatively warm periods (Roman Humid Period and Medieval Climate Anomaly).

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