Bubbly jets in stagnant water

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1130-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iran E. Lima Neto ◽  
David Z. Zhu ◽  
Nallamuthu Rajaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Bubbly Jets

Computational study of bubbly jets in stagnant water

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Yan-xu Wang ◽  
Ze-gao Yin ◽  
Wenming Zhang ◽  
David Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Computational Study ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Bubbly Jets

Impact of Age, Season, and Flowingvs. Stagnant Water Habitat on Avian Influenza Prevalence in Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) in Belgium

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1s) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lambrecht ◽  
S. Marché ◽  
P. Houdart ◽  
T. van den Berg ◽  
D. Vangeluwe
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Mute Swan ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Cygnus Olor

Sensor Based System to Study the Native Environmental Conditions of Stagnant Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abhishek Kumar ◽  
R Deekshitha ◽  
G Gaurav ◽  
R Inchara ◽  
S Pushpamala
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Stagnant Water

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Determinants of Household Knowledge of Split and Grouped Mosquito Larval Source Management for Malaria Prevention and Control in Rural Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumisani Mfipa ◽  
Mphatso Kamndaya ◽  
Kingsley Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Larval Source Management ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Management

Abstract BackgroundLimited studies have compared determinants of household knowledge of split and grouped mosquito larval source management (LSM) methods. Thus, we compared determinants of household knowledge of split and grouped mosquito LSM methods for malaria control in Malawi. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 479 households in Nthache, Mwanza district, Malawi. Household knowledge of mosquito LSM methods; draining stagnant water, larviciding, clean environment and clearing grass/bushes were assessed by using a validated structured household questionnaire administered to an adult household member. Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of household knowledge of each of the split and grouped mosquito LSM methods. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with household knowledge of each of the split and grouped mosquito LSM methods. ResultsHousehold knowledge of draining stagnant water was lower than high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (32.9% versus 83.5%, p=0.000). Household knowledge of clearing grass/bushes was lower than high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (8.2% versus 77.7%, p=0.000). Household knowledge of clean environment was lower than high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (21.8% versus 63.8%, p=0.000). No significant differences were observed between knowledge of larviciding and high-level knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods (4.1% versus 5.8%, p=0.421). Respondents without education had 57% less the odds of having knowledge of draining stagnant water than those with primary education (AOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.26-0.69). Those from iron-roofed households and the widowed had three and more than four times the odds of having knowledge of larviciding than those from grass-thatched households and the married (AOR=3.03, 95% CI 1.26-7.29 and AOR=4.73, 95% CI 1.34-16.73), respectively. ConclusionsExcept for larviciding, household knowledge of grouped mosquito LSM methods was significantly higher than split methods. Policy for integrated vector management should address determinants of split mosquito LSM methods to improve household knowledge.

scholarly journals BUDI DAYA DAN ADAPTASI VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU PADI PADA LAHAN RAWA LEBAK SUMATERA SELATAN / Cultivation and Adaptation of New Superior Varieties Paady in Lebak Swampy Lands in South Sumatra

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Suparwoto Suparwoto ◽  
Waluyo Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Paddy Cultivation ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Water Overflow

<p>Lebak swampy lands are one of the contributors to rice production in Indonesia, especially in South Sumatra. This agroecosystem is affected by river water overflow and rainfall. Based on the height and duration of waterlogging, the lebak swampy land is divided into three typologies, namely shallow lebak swampy lands, middle swampy lands, and deep swampy lands. This paper discusses cultivation and adaptation of new superior varieties of rice on lebak swampy  lands. In this agroecosystem, rice is cultivated in the dry season after low tide, starting from shallow lebak swampy lands, then continuing to the middle lebak swampy lands and deep lebak swampy lands. Problems with rice cultivation on lebak swampy lands include: (1) stagnant water, (2) drought in the dry season, (3) continuous use of the same variety, (4) the use of poor quality seeds, (5) limited varieties superior, and (6) fertilizer use is not as recommended. Paddy cultivation in lebak swampy lands uses only local varieties such as Siputih which can be sown up to three times, so that the age of the seedlings can reach two months with high posture. Land preparation is carried out by cleaning weeds until they are ready for planting and using hand tractors in shallow and middle lebak swampy lands. The seed comes from its own multiplication (40 kg / ha). Ciherang and IR-42 varieties are used from season to planting season with fertilization according to the ability of farmers. Thus, the results obtained are low, ranging from 3.5-4.5 t / ha GKP. One way to improve rice productivity in lebak swampy lands is the use of new improved varieties. Inpara and Inpari varieties can grow and produce in shallow lebak swampy lands and middle lebak swampy lands. In shallow lebak swampy lands it is recommended to use drought tolerant varieties such as Situbagendit, Limboto, Batutegi, Inpago, Inpari-1, Inpari-4, Inpari-6, and Inpara-5. In deep lebak swampy lands, rice can only be cultivated once a year, using superior varieties in the long dry season. The recommended superior varieties are Inpara-3, Inpara-4, and Inpara-5 which are tolerant to soaking.</p><p>Key words: Paddy, lebak swampy lands, superior varieties, cultivation, adaptation</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Lahan rawa lebak merupakan salah satu agroekosistem penyumbang produksi beras di Indonesia, terutama di Sumatera Selatan. Agroekosistem ini dipengaruhi oleh luapan air sungai dan curah hujan. Berdasarkan tinggi dan lama genangan air, lahan rawa lebak dipilah menjadi tiga tipologi, yaitu lebak dangkal, lebak tengahan, dan lebak dalam. Makalah ini membahas budi daya dan adaptasi varietas unggul baru padi pada lahan rawa lebak. Pada agroekosistem ini padi dibudidayakan pada musim kemarau setelah air surut, dimulai dari lebak dangkal, kemudian dilanjutkan pada lebak tengahan dan lebak dalam. Permasalahan budi daya padi pada lahan rawa lebak antara lain: (1) genangan air, (2) kekeringan pada musim kemarau, (3) penggunaan varietas yang sama secara terus-menerus, (4) penggunaan benih tidak bermutu, (5) keterbatasan varietas unggul, dan (6) penggunaan pupuk tidak sesuai anjuran. Budi daya padi pada lahan lebak dalam hanya menggunakan varietas lokal seperti Siputih yang dapat disemai sampai tiga kali, sehingga umur bibit bisa mencapai dua bulan dengan postur yang tinggi. Penyiapan lahan dilakukan dengan cara pembersihan gulma sampai siap tanam dan menggunakan traktor tangan pada lebak dangkal dan lebak tengahan. Benih berasal dari perbanyakan sendiri  (40 kg/ha). Varietas Ciherang dan IR-42 digunakan dari musim ke musim tanam dengan pemupukan sesuai kemampuan petani. Dengan demikian, hasil yang diperoleh rendah, berkisar antara 3,5-4,5 t/ha GKP. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki produktivitas padi pada lahan lebak adalah penggunaan varietas unggul baru. Varietas Inpara dan Inpari dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada lebak dangkal dan lebak tengahan. Pada lebak dangkal disarankan menggunakan varietas toleran kekeringan seperti Situbagendit, Limboto, Batutegi, Inpago, Inpari-1, Inpari-4, Inpari-6, dan Inpara-5. Pada lebak dalam, padi hanya dapat diusahakan satu kali dalam satu tahun, menggunakan varietas unggul pada musim kemarau panjang. Varietas unggul yang disarankan ialah Inpara-3, Inpara-4, dan Inpara-5 yang toleran rendaman.</p><p>Kata kunci: Padi, rawa lebak, varietas unggul, budi daya, adpatasi.</p>

scholarly journals Larvicidal effect of some natural products on mosquito and some aquatic predators in Gezira State, Sudan: Field assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-082
Author(s):  
Abdelmonem Eltiyab Houmida Ali ◽  
Mutaman Ali A. Kehail
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Aquatic Predators

There are many methods used for mosquito control. Depending on the situation, source reduction (removing stagnant water), bio-control (importing natural predators), trapping, and insecticides to kill larvae or adults may be used. Some aquatic predators were reputed as biological control agents for mosquito larvae. Hence they have to be considered when experimenting on the lethal effects of any material on mosquito larvae. The objectives of this study were to study the effects of neem leaves and usher latex against Anopheles and Culex larvae and some of their aquatic predators (hemipteran boatman (HB), tadpole (T), swimming beetle larvae (SBL) and adult (SBA) and mayfly naiad (MF)) in some breeding sites around Wad Medani Town. Gezira State, Sudan. Two villages were selected for conducting this study. The count of the mosquito larvae and the aquatic predators continued for four days from applying natural products. The results showed that, mosquito’s larvae were affected more than the aquatic by Neem leaves and Ushar latex. The study of the microclimates in the breeding sites will help to correlate toxicity to any level of any environmental factor.

Risk factors associated with Dengue fever outbreak in Islamabad, Pakistan (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaudhry Amjad Mehmood ◽  
Fawad Khalid Khan ◽  
Zakir Hussain ◽  
Mumtaz Ali Laghari ◽  
Ambreen Chaudhry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Active Case

BACKGROUND On 23rd Oct 2016, 79 dengue fever cases were reported from the Union Council (UC) Tarlai to Federal Disease Surveillance and Response Unit Islamabad. A team was deputed to investigate the suspected dengue outbreak. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to determine the extent of the outbreak and identify the possible risk factors. METHODS Active case finding was conducted through a house-to-house survey. A case was defined as, acute onset of Fever ≥ 38 ℃ in a resident of Tarlai from Oct 2-Nov 11, 2016, with a positive NS-1 test, and any two of the following signs and symptoms; retro-orbital/ocular pain, headache, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, and hemorrhagic manifestations. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Age and sex-matched controls (1:1) were identified from the same area. Blood samples were taken and sent to the National Institute of Health for genotype identification. RESULTS During the active case search, 145 cases of dengue fever were identified by surveying 928 houses from 23rd Oct to 11th Nov 2016. Attack rate (AR) was 17.0/10,000 population. The mean age was 34.4±14.4 years. More than half of the cases were male (n=80, 55.2%). Among all cases, 29% belong to the 25-34 years age group while the highest attack rate was found in 35-44 years (AR 35.6/10,000) followed by 55-64 years (AR 35.5/10,000). All five blood samples tested positive for NS-1 (genotype DENV-2). The most frequent presenting sin/symptom was fever and headache (100%). Stagnant water around houses (OR = 4.86, CI: 2.94 -8.01, P<0.0001), presence of flower pots in-home (OR = 2.73, CI: 1.67-4.45, P<0.0001), and open water container (OR 2.24, CI: 1.36-3.60, P<0.0001) showed higher odds among cases. While. use of bed nets (OR 0.44, CI: 0.25-0.77, P 0.003), insecticidal spray (OR 0.33, CI: 0.22-0.55, P<0.0001), door screening (OR 0.27, CI: 0.15-0.46, P<0.0001), use of mosquito coil/mat (OR 0.26, CI: 0.16-0.44, P<0.0001) and cleanliness in house (OR 0.12, CI: 0.05-0.26, P<0.0001) showed a significant protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Stagnant water acting as breeding grounds for vector was the probable cause of the spread of the outbreak. The establishment of a surveillance and early reporting system and the use of protective measures against the vector is strongly recommended.

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