Real time bipolar time-of-flight mass spectrometer for analyzing single aerosol particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 303 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Zhengxu Huang ◽  
Junguo Dong ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometer

scholarly journals Laser ablation aerosol particle time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LAAPTOF): performance, reference spectra and classification of atmospheric samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2325-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Shen ◽  
Ramakrishna Ramisetty ◽  
Claudia Mohr ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Thomas Leisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Aerosol Particle ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometer

Abstract. The laser ablation aerosol particle time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LAAPTOF, AeroMegt GmbH) is able to identify the chemical composition and mixing state of individual aerosol particles, and thus is a tool for elucidating their impacts on human health, visibility, ecosystem, and climate. The overall detection efficiency (ODE) of the instrument we use was determined to range from  ∼  (0.01 ± 0.01) to  ∼  (4.23 ± 2.36) % for polystyrene latex (PSL) in the size range of 200 to 2000 nm,  ∼  (0.44 ± 0.19) to  ∼  (6.57 ± 2.38) % for ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and  ∼  (0.14 ± 0.02) to  ∼  (1.46 ± 0.08) % for sodium chloride (NaCl) particles in the size range of 300 to 1000 nm. Reference mass spectra of 32 different particle types relevant for atmospheric aerosol (e.g. pure compounds NH4NO3, K2SO4, NaCl, oxalic acid, pinic acid, and pinonic acid; internal mixtures of e.g. salts, secondary organic aerosol, and metallic core–organic shell particles; more complex particles such as soot and dust particles) were determined. Our results show that internally mixed aerosol particles can result in spectra with new clusters of ions, rather than simply a combination of the spectra from the single components. An exemplary 1-day ambient data set was analysed by both classical fuzzy clustering and a reference-spectra-based classification method. Resulting identified particle types were generally well correlated. We show how a combination of both methods can greatly improve the interpretation of single-particle data in field measurements.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an online, real-time, soft-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mainstream tobacco smoke analysis

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Hawke ◽  
Graham Errington ◽  
Matthias Bente von Frowein
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

AbstractMainstream tobacco smoke is a complex and dynamic aerosol, consisting of particulate and vapour phases. Most approaches to determine mainstream smoke toxicant yields are based on offline techniques that limit the opportunity to observe in real time the processes leading to smoke formation. The recent development of online real-time analytical methods offers many advantages over traditional techniques. Here we report the LM2X-TOFMS (Borgwaldt GmbH, Germany), a commercial instrument that couples a linear smoking engine with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for real-time per-puff measurement of the vapour phase of mainstream cigarette smoke. Total cigarette and puff-by-puff (μg/puff) yields were evaluated, in line with International Council of Harmonisation recommendations, for seven smoke toxicants: acetaldehyde, acetone, 1,3-butadiene, 2-butanone, benzene, isoprene and toluene. Measurements were unaffected by small system changes including replacing the sampling capillary or time of day (all P > 0.05), indicating that the LM2X-TOFMS is rugged. Control charts showed that the system has good stability and control. Analysis of certified gas mixtures of six concentrations of each analyte showed a highly linear response for all seven analytes (R2 = 0.9922–0.9999). In terms of repeatability, the lowest variation was observed for isoprene with a coefficient of variation (CV) of < 6% for each concentration. Acetaldehyde showed the highest CV, increasing from 8.0 to 26.6% with decreasing gas concentration. Accuracy was analysed in terms of relative error, which was ± 16% for six of the analytes; however, the relative error for acetaldehyde was (− 36.2%), probably due to its low ionisation efficiency under the instrument’s vacuum ultraviolet lamp. Three cigarette products (reference and commercial) with different ISO tar levels were analysed by the LM2X-TOFMS puff by puff under ISO regulatory smoking conditions. The relative standard deviation based on average yield per cigarette for each analyte in each product (summed puffs per product, n = 30) ranged from ≤ 9.3 to ≤ 16.2%. Measurements were consistent with published data per cigarette. In conclusion, the LM2X-TOFMS is suitable for determining the vapour-phase yields of seven analytes on a real-time, puff-by-puff basis, and can be utilised for both fast screening (qualitative) and quantitative measurements of mainstream cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Laser ablation aerosol particle time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LAAPTOF): Performance, reference spectra and classification of atmospheric samples

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Shen ◽  
Ramakrishna Ramisetty ◽  
Claudia Mohr ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Thomas Leisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Ambient Data

Abstract. The laser ablation aerosol particles time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LAAPTOF, Aeromegt GmbH) is able to identify the chemical composition and mixing state of individual aerosol particles, and thus is a tool for elucidating their impacts on human health, visibility, ecosystem and climate. The overall detection efficiency (ODE) of the instrument we use was determined to range from ~(0.01 ± 0.01) % to ~(6.57 ± 2.38) % for polystyrene latex (PSL), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and sodium chloride (NaCl) particles in the size rage of 200 to 2000 nm. Reference mass spectra of 32 different particle types relevant for atmospheric aerosol (e.g. pure compounds NH4NO4, K2SO4, NaCl, oxalic acid, pinic acid, and pinonic acid; internal mixtures of e.g. salts, secondary organic aerosol, and metallic core-organic shell particles; more complex particles such as soot and dust particles) were determined. Our results show that internally mixed aerosol particles can result in spectra with new clusters of ions, rather than simply a combination of the spectra from the single components. An exemplary one-day ambient data set was analysed by classical Fuzzy-clustering leading to six different particle classes. Correlating these particle classes with the reference spectra as well as direct comparison of the ambient data with the reference spectra has proven how useful they are for the interpretation of field measurements, for e.g. grouping data, and identifying special particle types and potential sources.

Real time monitoring of gases emitted from soils using a multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer “MULTUM-S II”

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2752-2757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Anan ◽  
Shuichi Shimma ◽  
Yo Toma ◽  
Yasuyuki Hashidoko ◽  
Ryusuke Hatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometer

The ability of simultaneous quantification of the gaseous compounds (CO2, N2O) emitted from soils within 1 minute have been demonstrated by using a fast gas chromatograph - multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an online, real-time, soft-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mainstream tobacco smoke analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Hawke ◽  
Graham Errington ◽  
Matthias Bente von Frowein
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

Abstract Mainstream tobacco smoke is a complex and dynamic aerosol, consisting of particulate and vapour phases. Most approaches to determine mainstream smoke toxicant yields are based on offline techniques that limit the opportunity to observe in real time the processes leading to smoke formation. The recent development of online real-time analytical methods offers many advantages over traditional techniques. Here we report the LM2X-TOFMS (Borgwaldt GmbH, Germany), a commercial instrument that couples a linear smoking engine with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for real-time per-puff measurement of the vapour phase of mainstream cigarette smoke. Total cigarette and puff-by-puff (μg/puff) yields were evaluated, in line with International Council of Harmonisation recommendations, for seven smoke toxicants: acetaldehyde, acetone, 1,3-butadiene, 2-butanone, benzene, isoprene and toluene. Measurements were unaffected by small system changes including replacing the sampling capillary or time of day (all P>0.05), indicating that the LM2X-TOFMS is rugged. Control charts showed that the system has good stability and control. Analysis of certified gas mixtures of six concentrations of each analyte showed a highly linear response for all seven analytes (R2=0.9922–0.9999). In terms of repeatability, the lowest variation was observed for isoprene with a coefficient of variation (CV) of <6% for each concentration. Acetaldehyde showed the highest CV, increasing from 8.0% to 26.6% with decreasing gas concentration. Accuracy was analysed in terms of relative error, which was ±16% for six of the analytes; however, the relative error for acetaldehyde was (–36.2%), probably due to its low ionisation efficiency under the instrument’s vacuum ultraviolet lamp. Three cigarette products (reference and commercial) with different ISO tar levels were analysed by the LM2X-TOFMS puff by puff under ISO regulatory smoking conditions. The relative standard deviation based on average yield per cigarette for each analyte in each product (summed puffs per product, n=30) ranged from ≤9.3% to ≤16.2%. Measurements were consistent with published data per cigarette. In conclusion, the LM2X-TOFMS is suitable for determining the vapour-phase yields of seven analytes on a real-time, puff-by-puff basis, and can be utilised for both fast screening (qualitative) and quantitative measurements of mainstream cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals An extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF) for online measurement of atmospheric aerosol particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 4867-4886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker ◽  
Veronika Pospisilova ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Markus Kalberer ◽  
Claudia Mohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Abstract. Real-time, online measurements of atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) composition are an essential tool for determining the emissions sources and physicochemical processes governing aerosol effects on climate and health. However, the reliance of current techniques on thermal desorption, hard ionization, and/or separated collection/analysis stages introduces significant uncertainties into OA composition measurements, hindering progress towards these goals. To address this gap, we present a novel, field-deployable extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF), which provides online, near-molecular (i.e., molecular formula) OA measurements at atmospherically relevant concentrations without analyte fragmentation or decomposition. Aerosol particles are continuously sampled into the EESI-TOF, where they intersect a spray of charged droplets generated by a conventional electrospray probe. Soluble components are extracted and then ionized as the droplets are evaporated. The EESI-TOF achieves a linear response to mass, with detection limits on the order of 1 to 10 ng m−3 in 5 s for typical atmospherically relevant compounds. In contrast to conventional electrospray systems, the EESI-TOF response is not significantly affected by a changing OA matrix for the systems investigated. A slight decrease in sensitivity in response to increasing absolute humidity is observed for some ions. Although the relative sensitivities to a variety of commercially available organic standards vary by more than a factor of 30, the bulk sensitivity to secondary organic aerosol generated from individual precursor gases varies by only a factor of 15. Further, the ratio of compound-by-compound sensitivities between the EESI-TOF and an iodide adduct FIGAERO-I-CIMS varies by only ±50 %, suggesting that EESI-TOF mass spectra indeed reflect the actual distribution of detectable compounds in the particle phase. Successful deployments of the EESI-TOF for laboratory environmental chamber measurements, ground-based ambient sampling, and proof-of-concept measurements aboard a research aircraft highlight the versatility and potential of the EESI-TOF system.

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