A comprehensive investigation of plowing and grain-workpiece micro interactions on 3D ground surface topography

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 639-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihua Zhou ◽  
Jinyuan Tang ◽  
Haifeng Chen ◽  
Caichao Zhu ◽  
Wen Shao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation

Analysis of Effective Cutting-Edge Distribution of Grinding Wheel Based on Topography of Working and Ground Surfaces

2011 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Haruhisa Sakamoto ◽  
Kyoko Nakamura ◽  
Yoshinori Sasaki ◽  
Shinji Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Noise Component ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
Ground Surface Roughness

In this study, the determination method of the number of the effective cutting-edges had been proposed based on the measurements of working surface topography and the grinding force. Furthermore, its validity is made clear based on the topographical analysis of the ground surface roughness of pure copper, which is excellent in transcribing the working surface. From the results, the following are found out: The ground surface topography contains the periodical component, which is originated in the grinding and dressing conditions, on the fractal noise component. The cutting traces by each cutting-edge can be countable from the ground surface profile, and then, the number of the effective cutting-edges is identified at one line within the working surface. On the other hand, the number of the effective cutting-edges also can be identified based on the working surface, but, this method requires the determination of the typical grain shape. From the experiment, it is confirmed that the grain shape should be almost spherical for making the numbers of the effective cutting-edge identified from the working and ground surfaces equal.

Study on Grinding Machinability of Titanium Alloy Using SiC Abrasive

2011 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Giang Guo ◽  
X.H. Zheng ◽  
Z.Q. Liu ◽  
Qing Long An ◽  
Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Grinding Mechanism ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Metallurgical Structure

Experimental results of Ti-6-2-4-2S, Ti-6-4 and Ti-5-5-5-1-1 are detailed in this paper with conventional surface grinding using SiC abrasive under dry conditions. Measurements of grinding forces, surface topography and metallurgical structure of ground surface were taken to investigate the grinding mechanism of these materials. The results showed grinding force ratios to these materials were between 1.35 to 2.25 at all material remove rates, but the specific energy to Ti-5-5-5-1-1 and Ti-6-2-4-2S were little higher than Ti-6-4. Evaluation of ground surface topography indicated they were visually free of crack and burn. At the same grinding parameters, Ti-5-5-5-1-1 had the maximum depth of heat-affected zone because of its poor high temperature properties.

The Synergistic Effect of Tool Geometry and Hard Turning vs. Grinding Processes on 3D Surface Micro Topography

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Waikar ◽  
Y. B. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Valley Side ◽  
3D Surface Topography

Surface topography induced by precision machining is critical for component performance. This paper is to study the synergistic effects of work materials, machining processes, and tool geometry on the geometrical surface quality. Four representative surface topographies of turned and ground surfaces were prepared at “extreme” machining conditions (gentle and abusive) and compared in terms of 3-dimensional (3D) surface features of amplitude, area and volume, spatial, and hybrid parameters. The 3D surface topography maps revealed the anisotropic and repeatable nature of a turned surface which was in sharp contrast with the random and isotropic nature of a ground surface. In general, a gentle turned surface has higher values of amplitude parameters (arithmetic mean, root mean square, maximum height of summits, maximum depth of valleys, and ten-point height) than an abusively turned surface, whereas the opposite was true for the ground counterparts. Only the gentle ground surface has a negative skewness which means that the topography distribution is more biased towards the valley side. The larger kurtosis value of the abusively ground surface implies a more peaked surface topography. The gentle ground and abusively turned surfaces have a much larger bearing area ratio and therefore better bearing capacity than the gentle turned and abusively ground ones. The abusively ground surface has higher fluid retainability than other surfaces in terms of mean void volume.

scholarly journals Estimating Terrain Slope from ICESat-2 Data in Forest Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3300
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Zhu ◽  
Sheng Nie ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Xiaohuan Xi ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Terrain Slope ◽  
Slope Estimation

The global digital elevation measurement (DEM) products such as SRTM DEM and GDEM have been widely used for terrain slope retrieval in forests. However, the slope estimation accuracy is generally limited due to the DEMs’ low vertical accuracy over complex forest environments. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission shows excellent potential for slope estimation because of the high elevation accuracy and unique design of beam pairs. This study aimed to explore the possibility of ICESat-2 data for terrain slope retrieval in the United States forests. First, raw ICESat-2 data were processed to obtain accurate ground surfaces. Second, two different methods based on beam pairs were proposed to derive terrain slopes from the ground surfaces. Third, the estimated slopes were validated by airborne LiDAR-derived slopes and compared with SRTM-derived slopes and GDEM-derived slopes. Finally, we further explored the influence of surface topography and ground elevation error on slope estimation from ICESat-2 data. The results show that the ground surface can be accurately extracted from all scenarios of ICESat-2 data, even weak beams in the daytime, which provides the basis for terrain slope retrieval from ICESat-2 beam pairs. The estimated slope has a strong correlation with airborne LiDAR-derived slopes regardless of slope estimation methods, which demonstrates that the ICESat-2 data are appropriate for terrain slope estimation in complex forest environments. Compared with the method based on along- and across-track analysis (method 1), the method based on plane fitting of beam pairs (method 2) has a high estimation accuracy of terrain slopes, which indicates that method 2 is more suitable for slope estimation because it takes full advantage of more ground surface information. Additionally, the results also indicate that ICESat-2 performs much better than SRTM DEMs and GDEMs in estimating terrain slopes. Both ground elevation error and surface topography have a significant impact on terrain slope retrieval from ICESat-2 data, and ground surface extraction should be improved to ensure the accuracy of terrain slope retrieval over extremely complex environments. This study demonstrates for the first time that ICESat-2 has a strong capability in terrain slope retrieval. Additionally, this paper also provides effective solutions to accurately estimate terrain slopes from ICESat-2 data. The ICESat-2 slopes have many potential applications, including the generation of global slope products, the improvement of terrain slopes derived from the existing global DEM products, and the correction of vegetation biophysical parameters retrieved from space-borne LiDAR waveform data.

In-process detection of grinding wheel truing and dressing conditions using a flapper nozzle arrangement

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M A Maksoud ◽  
A A Mokbel ◽  
J E Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Wheel Topography ◽  
On Line ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Process Detection ◽  
Grinding Operations

The spatial distribution of sharp cutting edges around the active periphery of a grinding wheel has an important effect on the surface finish of ground components. In addition, random protrusion of sharp edges can result in a random distribution of grinding forces acting on the ground surface. A uniformly dressed and accurately trued wheel is essential for successful grinding. Since these conditions will alter during use, monitoring of them during grinding must be a requirement for critical grinding operations. This paper describes a new system for achieving on-line detection of the grinding wheel condition. The system uses a small air flapper nozzle-transducer arrangement which detects in-process changes of the grinding wheel surface topography, where external triggering of the data-acquisition system ensures a highly accurate identification of the wheel's surface topography irrespective of wheel speed. The benefits of this system are illustrated by experimental results that correlate the measurement of wheel topography by two means: flapper nozzle and stylus.

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