Reduction of CO2 with hydrogen in a non-equilibrium microwave plasma reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (46) ◽  
pp. 21067-21077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier F. de la Fuente ◽  
Sergio H. Moreno ◽  
Andrzej I. Stankiewicz ◽  
Georgios D. Stefanidis
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals A new methodology for the reduction of vibrational kinetics in non-equilibrium microwave plasma: application to CO2 dissociation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. de la Fuente ◽  
S. H. Moreno ◽  
A. I. Stankiewicz ◽  
G. D. Stefanidis
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Vibrational Kinetics ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Plasma reactor technologies have the potential to enable storage of green renewable electricity into fuels and chemicals. The development of reduced kinetic models is key for efficient plasma reactor design and optimization.

scholarly journals Effect of methane on the conversion of HFC-134a in a dielectric barrier discharge non-equilibrium plasma reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 412-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sazal K. Kundu ◽  
Eric M. Kennedy ◽  
John C. Mackie ◽  
Clovia I. Holdsworth ◽  
Thomas S. Molloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Equilibrium Plasma ◽  
Hfc 134A ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Energy coupling efficiency of a hydrogen microwave plasma reactor

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Gordon ◽  
X. Duten ◽  
K. Hassouni ◽  
A. Gicquel
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Energy Coupling

scholarly journals Design and characterization of an electromagnetic-resonant cavity microwave plasma reactor for atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide decomposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1800153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Mohsenian ◽  
Shyam Sheth ◽  
Saroj Bhatta ◽  
Dassou Nagassou ◽  
Daniel Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Resonant Cavity

Nanoparticles generated by combining hot wall and microwave plasma chemical vapor synthesis

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Alexander Levish ◽  
Markus Winterer
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Chemical Vapor Synthesis ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Oxide Phases ◽  
Precursor Decomposition

ABSTRACTControlling the oxidation state of iron and the crystal structure of iron containing compounds is the key to improved materials such as iron oxide nanoparticles for cancer treatment or heterogeneous catalysis. Iron oxides contain iron in different oxidation states and form different phases for one valence state (α-Fe3+2O2-3, β- Fe3+2O-32, etc.). Chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) allows the reproducible production of pure nanocrystals with narrow size distribution where particle formation and growth take place in the gas phase. Through the controlled variation of synthesis parameters CVS enables the synthesis of diverse iron oxide phases. In this study the energy for the CVS process is supplied by a hot wall furnace and a microwave plasma. The advantage of an plasma reactor as the first CVS stage is the fast and complete precursor decomposition at low temperatures. This results in a larger process window for the hot wall reactor in the second stage. The nanoparticles are examined regarding their structure, surface and valence by XRD and TEM.

scholarly journals Composition, Mixing State and Water Affinity of Meteoric Smoke Analogue Nanoparticles Produced in a Non-Thermal Microwave Plasma Source

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Nachbar ◽  
Denis Duft ◽  
Alexei Kiselev ◽  
Thomas Leisner
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Mixing State ◽  
Iron Oxide Particles ◽  
Pure Silicon ◽  
Meteoric Smoke ◽  
Water Affinity

Abstract The article reports on the composition, mixing state and water affinity of iron silicate particles which were produced in a non-thermal low-pressure microwave plasma reactor. The particles are intended to be used as meteoric smoke particle analogues. We used the organometallic precursors ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4) in various mixing ratios to produce nanoparticles with radii between 1 nm and 4 nm. The nanoparticles were deposited on sample grids and their stoichiometric composition was analyzed in an electron microscope using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). We show that the pure silicon oxide and iron oxide particles consist of SiO2 and Fe2O3, respectively. For Fe:(Fe+Si) ratios between 0.2 and 0.8 our reactor produces (in contrast to other particle sources) mixed iron silicates with a stoichiometric composition according to FexSi(1−x)O3 (0≤x≤1). This indicates that the particles are formed by polymerization of FeO3 and SiO3 and that rearrangement to the more stable silicates ferrosilite (FeSiO3) and fayalite (Fe2SiO4) does not occur at these conditions. To investigate the internal mixing state of the particles, the H2O surface desorption energy of the particles was measured. We found that the nanoparticles are internally mixed and that differential coating resulting in a core-shell structure does not occur.

Numerical Simulation of Gas Phase Growth Environment of Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Garg ◽  
J. P. Gore ◽  
T. S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Hydrogen Mixture

The gas-phase growth environment of carbon nanotubes has been simulated using different published chemical reaction mechanisms for a gas mixture of methane and hydrogen. Detailed chemical analysis of the growth environment is important in identifying precursor species responsible for CNT formation and is useful in understanding fundamental mechanisms that ultimately could allow control of the CNT synthesis process. The present simulations seek to compare the roles of different gas phase reaction mechanisms and to identify precursors for CNT formation. The results show that inlet methane-hydrogen mixture converts primarily to a acetylene-hydrogen mixture, and C2H2, CH3, H2, and H are the main precursors formed in the plasma under experimentally verified CNT growth conditions in a microwave plasma reactor.

scholarly journals Microwave Plasma System for Continuous Treatment of Railway Track

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Julian Swan ◽  
Marilena Radoiu
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Microwave Cavity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Autumn Season

Braking conditions are a fundamental issue for the railway and have been a limiting factor in network capacity and timetabling. Leaf fall, especially during the autumn season, creates low-adhesion problems on railways, causing braking problems for trains. To address the requirements of the novel plasma industrial applications towards environmental applications, this work developed and tested a 2.45 GHz microwave atmospheric pressure plasma system for in situ removal of the third body layer deposited onto the railway so as to improve braking. The plasma reactor consisted of a 15 kW, 2.45 GHz magnetron-based microwave generator and a plasma reactor (dielectric tube placed in a TE01 monomode microwave cavity); the atmospheric plasma ignited and sustained at different power levels (2–15 kW) in different gases (nitrogen, argon) as well as mixtures of these gases with reactive molecules (water, oxygen) was jetted directly onto the railhead as to change the conditions for the wheel–rail interface. This technology is hoped to be a game-changer in enabling predictable and optimized braking on the railway network. Challenges encountered during the demonstration phase are discussed. Subsequent work should validate the results on a working railway line during the autumn season.

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