Developing neurites from mouse basal forebrain gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons use Sonic hedgehog to modulate their growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
C.L. Tan ◽  
P.W. Sheard ◽  
C.L. Jasoni
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Mouse Basal Forebrain

scholarly journals The cryptic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system of human basal ganglia

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Skrapits ◽  
Miklós Sárvári ◽  
Imre Farkas ◽  
Balázs Göcz ◽  
Szabolcs Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Cholinergic Interneurons ◽  
Gnrh Neurons

Human reproduction is controlled by ~2,000 hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Here we report the discovery and characterization of additional ~150,000-200,000 GnRH-synthesizing cells in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain. Nearly all extrahypothalamic GnRH neurons expressed the cholinergic marker enzyme choline acetyltransferase. Similarly, hypothalamic GnRH neurons were also cholinergic both in embryonic and adult human brains. Whole-transcriptome analysis of cholinergic interneurons and medium spiny projection neurons laser-microdissected from the human putamen showed selective expression of GNRH1 and GNRHR1 autoreceptors in the cholinergic cell population and uncovered the detailed transcriptome profile and molecular connectome of these two cell types. Higher-order non-reproductive functions regulated by GnRH under physiological conditions in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain require clarification. The role and changes of GnRH/GnRHR1 signaling in neurodegenerative disorders affecting cholinergic neurocircuitries, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, need to be explored.

scholarly journals The cryptic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system of human basal ganglia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Skrapits ◽  
Miklós Sárvári ◽  
Imre Farkas ◽  
Balázs Göcz ◽  
Szabolcs Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Cholinergic Interneurons ◽  
Gnrh Neurons

Human reproduction is controlled by ~2,000 hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Here we report the discovery and characterization of additional 150-200,000 GnRH-synthesizing cells in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain. Extrahypothalamic GnRH neurons were cholinergic. Though undetectable in adult rodents, the GnRH-GFP transgene was expressed transiently by caudate-putamen cholinergic interneurons in newborn transgenic mice. In slice electrophysiological studies, GnRH inhibited these interneurons via GnRHR1 autoreceptors. Whole-transcriptome analysis of cholinergic interneurons and medium spiny projection neurons laser-microdissected from the human putamen confirmed selective expression of GnRH and GnRHR1 autoreceptors in cholinergic cells and uncovered the detailed transcriptome profile and molecular connectome of these two cell types. Higher-order non-reproductive functions regulated by GnRH under physiological conditions in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain require clarification. GnRH/GnRHR1 signaling as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders affecting cholinergic neurocircuitries, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, needs to be explored.

Computer-Assisted Mapping of Immunoreactive Mammalian Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Adult Human Basal Forebrain and Amygdala*

Endocrinology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 3199-3207 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. STOPA ◽  
E. T. KOH ◽  
C. N. SVENDSEN ◽  
W. T. ROGERS ◽  
J. S. SCHWABER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Adult Human

Distribution and morphology of immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the basal forebrain of ponies

1994 ◽  
Vol 339 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Melrose ◽  
C. Pickel ◽  
H. S. Cheramie ◽  
W. G. Henk ◽  
M. A. Littlefield-Chabaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gnrh Neurons

Hedgehog-dependent oligodendrocyte lineage specification in the telencephalon

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (13) ◽  
pp. 2545-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Tekki-Kessaris ◽  
Rachel Woodruff ◽  
Anita C. Hall ◽  
William Gaffield ◽  
Shioko Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Ventral Telencephalon ◽  
Alpha Receptors ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Mouse Basal Forebrain

In the caudal neural tube, oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs) originate in the ventral neuroepithelium under the influence of Sonic hedgehog (SHH), then migrate throughout the spinal cord and brainstem before differentiating into myelin-forming cells. We present evidence that oligodendrogenesis in the anterior neural tube follows a similar pattern. We show that OLPs in the embryonic mouse forebrain express platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptors (PDGFRA), as they do in more caudal regions. They first appear within a region of anterior hypothalamic neuroepithelium that co-expresses mRNA encoding SHH, its receptor PTC1 (PTCH) and the transcription factors OLIG1, OLIG2 and SOX10. Pdgfra-positive progenitors later spread through the forebrain into areas where Shh is not expressed, including the cerebral cortex. Cyclopamine inhibited OLP development in cultures of mouse basal forebrain, suggesting that hedgehog (HH) signalling is obligatory for oligodendrogenesis in the ventral telencephalon. Moreover, Pdgfra-positive progenitors did not appear on schedule in the ventral forebrains of Nkx2.1 null mice, which lack the telencephalic domain of Shh expression. However, OLPs did develop in cultures of Nkx2.1−/− basal forebrain and this was blocked by cyclopamine. OLPs also developed in neocortical cultures, even though Shh transcripts could not be detected in the embryonic cortex. Here, too, the appearance of OLPs was suppressed by cyclopamine. In keeping with these findings, we detected mRNA encoding SHH and Indian hedgehog (IHH) in both Nkx2.1−/− basal forebrain cultures and neocortical cultures. Overall, the data are consistent with the idea that OLPs in the telencephalon, possibly even some of those in the cortex, develop under the influence of SHH in the ventral forebrain.

186: Neoadjuvant Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Therapy Before Orchiopexy Improves the Fertility Index in Concomitant Testicular Biopsies

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Christian Schwentner ◽  
Andreas Lunacek ◽  
Josef Oswald ◽  
Georg Bartsch ◽  
Alfons Kreczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Fertility Index
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