scholarly journals Resistance of Winter Wheat Genotypes to Heavy Metals

IERI Procedia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Alybayeva ◽  
S.S. Kenzhebayeva ◽  
S.D. Atabayeva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in Turkey

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Yuksel Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Plant Characteristics

Climate change scenarios reveal that Turkey’s wheat production area is under the combined effects of heat and drought stresses. The adverse effects of climate change have just begun to be experienced in Turkey’s spring and the winter wheat zones. However, climate change is likely to affect the winter wheat zone more severely. Fortunately, there is a fast, repeatable, reliable and relatively affordable way to predict climate change effects on winter wheat (e.g., testing winter wheat in the spring wheat zone). For this purpose, 36 wheat genotypes in total, consisting of 14 spring and 22 winter types, were tested under the field conditions of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, a representative of the spring wheat zone of Turkey, during the two cropping seasons (2017–2018 and 2019–2020). Simultaneous heat (>30 °C) and drought (<40 mm) stresses occurring in May and June during both growing seasons caused drastic losses in winter wheat grain yield and its components. Declines in plant characteristics of winter wheat genotypes, compared to those of spring wheat genotypes using as a control treatment, were determined as follows: 46.3% in grain yield, 23.7% in harvest index, 30.5% in grains per spike and 19.4% in thousand kernel weight, whereas an increase of 282.2% in spike sterility occurred. On the other hand, no substantial changes were observed in plant height (10 cm longer than that of spring wheat) and on days to heading (25 days more than that of spring wheat) of winter wheat genotypes. In general, taller winter wheat genotypes tended to lodge. Meanwhile, it became impossible to avoid the combined effects of heat and drought stresses during anthesis and grain filling periods because the time to heading of winter wheat genotypes could not be shortened significantly. In conclusion, our research findings showed that many winter wheat genotypes would not successfully adapt to climate change. It was determined that specific plant characteristics such as vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, long phenological duration (lack of earliness per se) and vulnerability to diseases prevailing in the spring wheat zone, made winter wheat difficult to adapt to climate change. The most important strategic step that can be taken to overcome these challenges is that Turkey’s wheat breeding program objectives should be harmonized with the climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals GWAS revealed effect of genotype × environment interactions for grain yield of Nebraska winter wheat

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamseldeen Eltaher ◽  
P. Stephen Baenziger ◽  
Vikas Belamkar ◽  
Hamdy A. Emara ◽  
Ahmed A. Nower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Significant Linkage

Abstract Background Improving grain yield in cereals especially in wheat is a main objective for plant breeders. One of the main constrains for improving this trait is the G × E interaction (GEI) which affects the performance of wheat genotypes in different environments. Selecting high yielding genotypes that can be used for a target set of environments is needed. Phenotypic selection can be misleading due to the environmental conditions. Incorporating information from phenotypic and genomic analyses can be useful in selecting the higher yielding genotypes for a group of environments. Results A set of 270 F3:6 wheat genotypes in the Nebraska winter wheat breeding program was tested for grain yield in nine environments. High genetic variation for grain yield was found among the genotypes. G × E interaction was also highly significant. The highest yielding genotype differed in each environment. The correlation for grain yield among the nine environments was low (0 to 0.43). Genome-wide association study revealed 70 marker traits association (MTAs) associated with increased grain yield. The analysis of linkage disequilibrium revealed 16 genomic regions with a highly significant linkage disequilibrium (LD). The candidate parents’ genotypes for improving grain yield in a group of environments were selected based on three criteria; number of alleles associated with increased grain yield in each selected genotype, genetic distance among the selected genotypes, and number of different alleles between each two selected parents. Conclusion Although G × E interaction was present, the advances in DNA technology provided very useful tools and analyzes. Such features helped to genetically select the highest yielding genotypes that can be used to cross grain production in a group of environments.

scholarly journals Reaction of winter wheat genotypes to infection by Mycosphaerella graminicola(Fuckel) Schroeter

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-246
Author(s):  
Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz ◽  
Czesław Zamorski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The response of Polish winter wheat genotypes to <i>M.graminicola</i> (preliminary experiments and cultivar collections) was observed in different regions of Poland. Observations were carried out in 1995-1999. The winter wheat genotypes showed a broad spectrum of reaction to this pathogen. Between 1997 and 1999 the highest degree of infection on winter wheat breeding lines was noted in Kończewice. During this time no genotypes free from infection were observed (preliminary breeding experiments). Cultivars with no symptoms of <i>Septoria tritici</i> blotch (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) were found among old genotypes in Słupia Wielka only in earlier experiments (1995-1996). In the years 1997-1999 the winter wheat cultivars were classified into groups on the basis of their response to the pathogen. The degree of infection for the majority cultivars was quite high.

scholarly journals Metabolic response to drought in six winter wheat genotypes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0212411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihana Marček ◽  
Kamirán Áron Hamow ◽  
Balázs Végh ◽  
Tibor Janda ◽  
Eva Darko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

scholarly journals Content of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem under conditions of agrogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Alexey Kucherenko ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Victor Chaplygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a long-term study on the content and distribution of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem of agrocenoses in southern zone of Rostov Region. The impact of various agricultural technologies traditional (using moldboard ploughing) and resource-saving (minimum and No-till) on accumulation and mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem in winter wheat cultivation is considered. The total content of Pb, Zn, Cu in the winter wheat areas corresponds to the background level and does not exceed permissible concentrations. Low mobility of elements (Pb 2.0-3.0%; Zn and Cu up to 1.0% as a percentage of their total forms) is a regional soil feature. In addition, the low availability of Zn and Cu in soils is due to their removal with the crops in the absence of micronutrient fertilizer replenishment. The significant role of soil organic matter in the accumulation of both total and mobile forms of heavy metals in soil has been confirmed. The intensity of the cultivation methods used has a significant effect on the total content of Zn, Cu and on the mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem.

scholarly journals Variability of grain yield components of some new winter wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
M. Sabo ◽  
M. Bede ◽  
Ž.U. Hardi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Grain Yield Components

Variability of grain yield components of some new winter wheat genotypes (e.g. Lara, Lenta, Kruna, Fiesta, Perla, and one line of AG-45) was examined. The analysis of grain yield components of these genotypes and the line was undertaken in a&nbsp;two-year research (1997/1998 and 1998/1999) at two different locations. Significant differences among genotypes, locations and research years were established. In the first experimental year (1997/1998) there was a&nbsp;high positive correlation between nearly all components of the grain yield. The most significant correlation was found between the grain number per spike and grain yield. In the second experimental year (1998/1999) the components did not show statistically significant correlation with the grain yield. It seems that the grain yield of examined genotypes depended significantly on the grain number per spike, grain mass per spike, and agroecological conditions during the vegetation period, whereby the potential yield was determined by the interaction among genotypes, location and production year. The biggest differences among examined genotypes of winter wheat were found in the stem height and spike length.

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