Environmental impacts on brain functions: Low dose effects of bisphenol A during perinatal critical period

2007 ◽  
Vol 1301 ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fujimoto ◽  
K. Kubo ◽  
S. Aou
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Dose Effects ◽  
Low Dose Effects

scholarly journals Low dose effects of bisphenol A

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e26490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura N Vandenberg ◽  
Shelley Ehrlich ◽  
Scott M Belcher ◽  
Nira Ben-Jonathan ◽  
Dana C Dolinoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Effects ◽  
Low Dose Effects

Endocrine disruption occurring at doses lower than those predicted by classical chemical toxicity evaluations: The case bisphenol A

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2167-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dose Effects ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Independent Confirmation ◽  
Low Dose Effects

The meaning of the term "low dose" is discussed in relation to endocrine toxicity data for chemicals. Consideration is also given to experimental conditions likely to impinge on the interpretation and extrapolation of such low-dose effects, and the importance of gathering appropriate control data is emphasized. In the specific case of bisphenol A (BPA), it is concluded that despite the extensive endocrine disruptor (ED) database available for this chemical, it is still not possible to locate a single study that passes the most rudimentary scientific requirements-that the observations are capable of independent confirmation. Two possible explanations for this are considered. First, that BPA possesses subtle low-dose ED toxicities that only become evident under certain undefined experimental conditions. Until these conditions are defined and understood, it will be a matter of chance what individual investigators observe experimentally for BPA or any other chemical. Second, that the general failure of investigators to define and understand natural variability among control parameters monitored in ED studies allows artefactual positive results to be encountered for chemicals, especially in limited and nonreproduced studies. Whichever of these conclusions is correct, the positive low-dose data currently available for BPA cannot be extrapolated to humans with any confidence.

scholarly journals Low-dose effects of bisphenol A on mammary gland development in rats

Andrology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mandrup ◽  
J. Boberg ◽  
L. K. Isling ◽  
S. Christiansen ◽  
U. Hass
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Effects ◽  
Gland Development ◽  
Low Dose Effects

scholarly journals Discussion of Bisphenol A as an Environmental Endocrine Disruptor: The Low Dose Effect and Governmental Regulations Concerning its Use and Disposal: A Literature Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Derek McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Dose Effects ◽  
Low Dose Effects

The disruptive and potentially harmful effects of naturally occurring and man- made endocrine disrupting compounds found in the environment are a topic of considerable debate within government, industry and the general public. Bisphenol A (BPA) is of particular concern due to its incorporation in many consumer products and its potential for leeching. Scientific study continues with attempts to identify and quantify risk associated with this chemical, in order to support industry and regulatory actions. The issue of greatest concern with regards to BPA is the effects of routine exposure to very low concentration of the chemical. The effects of this phenomenon, called Low Dose Effects, raise a great deal of controversy as it is difficult to accurately assess the health outcomes from these exposures. This paper gives a basic understanding of what constitutes Low Dose effects and also examines several studies conducted to determine the health outcomes as a result of exposure to low dose BPA. Regulatory activities seek to mitigate risk through enactment of legislation to control the use of and exposure to these compounds. As a result the regulatory agencies in Canada and the U.S. have banned the sale of certain consumer products containing BPA and have imposed strict limits on concentration in industrial effluents and waste water drainage. This paper outlines the conditions and limits put in place by both the Canadian and U.S. government regarding the presence of BPA in effluents and consumer products. 

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