Characterization of the particle radiation environment at three potential landing sites on Mars using ESA’s MEREM models

Icarus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 723-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. McKenna-Lawlor ◽  
P. Gonçalves ◽  
A. Keating ◽  
B. Morgado ◽  
D. Heynderickx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Landing Sites

scholarly journals The effects of the big storm events in the first half of 2015 on the radiation belts observed by EPT/PROBA-V

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pierrard ◽  
G. Lopez Rosson
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Energetic Particle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Particle Radiation

Abstract. With the energetic particle telescope (EPT) performing with direct electron and proton discrimination on board the ESA satellite PROBA-V, we analyze the high-resolution measurements of the charged particle radiation environment at an altitude of 820 km for the year 2015. On 17 March 2015, a big geomagnetic storm event injected unusual fluxes up to low radial distances in the radiation belts. EPT electron measurements show a deep dropout at L > 4 starting during the main phase of the storm, associated to the penetration of high energy fluxes at L < 2 completely filling the slot region. After 10 days, the formation of a new slot around L = 2.8 for electrons of 500–600 keV separates the outer belt from the belt extending at other longitudes than the South Atlantic Anomaly. Two other major events appeared in January and June 2015, again with injections of electrons in the inner belt, contrary to what was observed in 2013 and 2014. These observations open many perspectives to better understand the source and loss mechanisms, and particularly concerning the formation of three belts.

scholarly journals Simulation study of the energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging monitoring of the geomagnetosphere on a lunar base

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Lu Li ◽  
Yu Qing-Long ◽  
Zhou Ping ◽  
Zhang Xin ◽  
Zhang Xian-Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Ring Current ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Energy Channel

Since the moon’s revolution cycle is exactly the same as its rotation cycle, we can only see the moon always facing Earth in the same direction. Based on the clean particle radiation environment of the moon, a neutral atomic telemetry base station could be established on the lunar surface facing Earth to realize long-term continuous geomagnetic activity monitoring. Using the 20°×20° field of view, the 0.5°×0.5° angle resolution, and the ~0.17 cm²sr geometric factor, a two-dimensional ENA imager is being designed. The magnetospheric ring current simulation at a 4–20 keV energy channel for a medium geomagnetic storm (Kp=5) shows the following: 1) at ~60 Rᴇ (Rᴇ is the Earth radius), the imager can collect 10⁴ ENA events for 3 min to meet the statistical requirements for 2D coded imaging data inversion, so as to meet requirements for the analysis of the substorm ring current evolution process of magnetic storms above medium; 2) the ENA radiation loss puzzles in the magnetopause and magnetotail plasma sheet regions have been deduced and revealed using the 2-D ENA emission model. High spatial-temporal resolution ENA imaging monitoring of these two important regions will provide the measurement basis for the solar wind energy input process and generation mechanism; 3) the average sampling interval of ENA particle events is about 16 ms at the moon’s orbit; the spectral time difference for the set energy range is on the order of minutes, which can provide location information to track the trigger of geomagnetic storm particle events.

Development of an Active Detector for the Characterization of the Late-Time Radiation Environment from a Reactor Pulse

2012 ◽  
pp. 737-746
Author(s):  
S. M. Luker ◽  
P. J. Griffin ◽  
N. R. Kolb ◽  
G. N. Naranjo ◽  
A. J. Suo-Anttila
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Reactor Pulse

Dynamics of the Earth’s Particle Radiation Environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 187-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Vainio ◽  
Laurent Desorgher ◽  
Daniel Heynderickx ◽  
Marisa Storini ◽  
Erwin Flückiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Particle Radiation

Energetic Particle Environment near the Sun from Parker Solar Probe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Schwadron ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Particle ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Integrated Science ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Interaction Regions ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

&lt;p&gt;NASA&amp;#8217;s Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission recently plunged through the inner heliosphere to perihelia at ~24 million km (~35 solar radii), much closer to the Sun than any prior human made object. Onboard PSP, the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS&amp;#664;IS) instrument suite made groundbreaking measurements of solar energetic particles (SEPs). Here we discuss the near-Sun energetic particle radiation environment over PSP&amp;#8217;s first two orbits, which reveal where and how energetic particles are energized and transported. We find a great variety of energetic particle events accelerated both locally and remotely. These include co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs), &amp;#8220;impulsive&amp;#8221; SEP events driven by acceleration near the Sun, and events related to Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). These IS&amp;#664;IS observations made so close to the Sun provide critical information for investigating the near-Sun transport and energization of solar energetic particles that was difficult to resolve from prior observations. We discuss the physics of particle acceleration and transport in the context of various theories and models that have been developed over the past decades. This study marks a major milestone with humanity&amp;#8217;s reconnaissance of the near-Sun environment and provides the first direct observations of the energetic particle radiation environment in the region just above the corona.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Radiation activities and application of ionizing radiation on cultural heritage at ENEA Calliope gamma facility (Casaccia R.C., Rome, Italy)

Nukleonika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Baccaro ◽  
Alessia Cemmi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Radiation Processing ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Physics Experiments

Abstract Since the 1980s, research and qualification activities are being carried out at the 60Co gamma Calliope plant, a pool-type irradiation facility located at the Research Centre ENEA-Casaccia (Rome, Italy). The Calliope facility is deeply involved in radiation processing research and on the evaluation and characterization of the effects induced by gamma radiation on materials for different applications (crystals, glasses, optical fibres, polymers and biological systems) and on devices to be used in hostile radiation environment such as nuclear plants, aerospace and high energy physics experiments. All the activities are carried out in the framework of international projects and collaboration with industries and research institutions. In the present work, particular attention will be paid to the cultural heritage activities performed at the Calliope facility, focused on two different aspects: (a) conservation and preservation by bio-deteriogen eradication in archived materials, and (b) consolidation and protection by degraded wooden and stone porous artefacts consolidation.

scholarly journals Mars Express Science Highlights and Future Plans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Titov ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bibring ◽  
Alejandro Cardesin ◽  
Thomas Duxbury ◽  
Francois Forget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Clay Formation ◽  
Future Plans

&lt;p&gt;After 16 years in orbit Mars Express remains one of ESA&amp;#8217;s most scientifically productive Solar System missions which publication record now exceeds 1270 papers. Characterization of the geological processes on a local-to-regional scale by HRSC, OMEGA and partner experiments on NASA spacecraft has allowed constraining land-forming processes in space and time. Recent studies suggest geological evidence of a planet-wide groundwater system on Mars and surface clay formation during short-term warmer and wetter conditions on a largely cold ancient Mars that might indicate a change in our understanding of early Mars climate. HRSC team released first set of multi-orbit Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the MC-11 quadrangle and the Southern polar cap with 50 m/px resolution. Mars Express observations and experimental teams provided essential contribution to the selection of the Mars-2020 landing sites and supporting characterization of potential landing sites for the Chinese HX-1 mission. Following recent discovery of subglacial liquid water underneath the Southern polar layered deposits the MARSIS radar continues searching for subsurface water pockets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One-and-half decade of monitoring of atmospheric parameters such as temperature, dust loading, water vapor and ozone abundance, water ice and CO2 clouds distribution, collected by SPICAM, PFS, OMEGA, HRSC and VMC together with subsequent modeling have provided key contributions to our understanding of the Martian climate. The observed ozone climatology demonstrate significant discrepancies with model predictions indicating the need for models improvement. In 2018 PFS confirmed observations of a methane abundance &amp;#8220;spike&amp;#8221; in the Gale crater observed in situ by the Curiosity Rover. Recent similar quasi-simultaneous observations were in disagreement, thus indicating that the methane &amp;#8220;enigma&amp;#8221; continues. This poses a significant challenge to both observers and modelers. The radio-science experiment MaRS revealed fine structure of the boundary layer. Its depth varies from 2 km in topographic lows to ~10 km over highlands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Observations of the ion escape during complete solar cycle revealed that ion escape can be responsible for removal of about 10 mbar over Mars history that implies existence of other more effective escape channels.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The structure of the ionosphere derived from MARSIS and MaRS sounding was found to be significantly affected by the solar activity, the crustal magnetic field. The observations suggest that the sunlit ionosphere over the regions with strong crustal fields is denser and extends to higher altitudes as compared to the regions with no crustal anomalies. Expansion of the ionosphere was also observed during the global dust storm. Ionospheric models aim at creating user-friendly data base of plasma parameters that would be of great service to the planetary community.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;#8220;gyroless&amp;#8221; attitude control and operations mode of the spacecraft operates flawlessly since April 2018. Aging batteries impose more and more limitations on science operations during eclipse seasons. The mission is now confirmed till the end of 2020 and notionally extended till the end of 2022. The talk will give the Mars Express status, review the recent science highlights, and outline future plans including synergistic science with TGO.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Mars Express science highlights and future plans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Titov ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bibring ◽  
Alejandro Cardesin ◽  
Tom Duxbury ◽  
Francois Forget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Dust Loading ◽  
Clay Formation ◽  
Future Plans

&lt;p&gt;After 16 years in orbit Mars Express remains one of ESA&amp;#8217;s most scientifically productive Solar System missions which publication record now approaches 1300 papers. Characterization of the geological processes on a local-to-regional scale by HRSC, OMEGA and partner experiments on NASA spacecraft has allowed constraining land-forming processes in space and time. Recent studies suggest geological evidence of a planet-wide groundwater system on Mars and surface clay formation during short-term warmer and wetter conditions on a largely cold ancient Mars. HRSC team released the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the MC-11 quadrangle and the Southern polar cap at 50 m/px resolution. Mars Express provided essential contribution to the selection of the Mars-2020 landing sites and supporting characterization of potential landing sites for Chinese Tianwen-1 mission.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;One-and-one-half decade of monitoring of atmospheric parameters such as temperature, dust loading, water vapor and ozone abundance, water ice and CO2 clouds distribution, collected by SPICAM, PFS, OMEGA, HRSC and VMC together with subsequent modeling have provided key contributions to our understanding of the Martian climate. In 2019 PFS confirmed observations of a methane abundance &amp;#8220;spike&amp;#8221; in the Gale crater observed in situ by the Curiosity Rover. Recent similar quasi-simultaneous observations were in disagreement, thus indicating that the methane &amp;#8220;enigma&amp;#8221; continues. This poses a significant challenge to both observers and modelers. The radio-science experiment MaRS revealed fine structure of the boundary layer which depth varies from 2 km in topographic lows to ~10 km over highlands.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Observations of the ion escape during a complete solar cycle revealed that ion escape can be responsible for removal of about 10 mbar of the atmosphere over Mars&amp;#8217; history. This implies existence of other, more effective, escape channels. The structure of the ionosphere derived from MARSIS and MaRS sounding was found to be significantly affected by the solar activity, dust loading in the lower atmosphere, and crustal magnetic field. The observations suggest that the sunlit ionosphere over the regions with strong crustal fields is denser and extends to higher altitudes as compared to the regions with no crustal anomalies. Ionospheric models aim at creating user-friendly data base of plasma parameters that would be of great service to the planetary community. Focused exploration of the Martian moons continues.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The mission is notionally extended till the end of 2022. A science case for the mission extension till the end of 2025 has been submitted. The talk will give the Mars Express status, review the recent science highlights, and outline future plans including synergistic science with TGO.&lt;/p&gt;

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