The North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation favour harmful algal blooms in SW Europe

Harmful Algae ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Báez ◽  
Raimundo Real ◽  
Victoria López-Rodas ◽  
Eduardo Costas ◽  
A. Enrique Salvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Arctic Oscillation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Arctic Oscillation ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

scholarly journals Combined Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation on Sea Surface Temperature in the Alborán Sea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e62201 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Báez ◽  
Luis Gimeno ◽  
Moncho Gómez-Gesteira ◽  
Francisco Ferri-Yáñez ◽  
Raimundo Real
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Arctic Oscillation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Arctic Oscillation ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

scholarly journals The Occurrence and Properties of Long-Lived Liquid-Bearing Clouds over the Greenland Ice Sheet and Their Relationship to the North Atlantic Oscillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Edwards-Opperman ◽  
Steven Cavallo ◽  
David Turner
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Positive Phase ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

AbstractStratiform liquid-bearing clouds (LBCs), defined herein as either pure liquid or mixed-phase clouds, have a large impact on the surface radiation budget across the Arctic. LBCs lasting at least 6 h are observed at Summit, Greenland, year-round with a maximum in occurrence during summer. Mean cloud-base height is below 1 km for 85% of LBC cases identified, 59% have mean liquid water path (LWP) values between 10 and 40 g m−2, and most produce sporadic light ice-phase precipitation. During their occurrence, the atmosphere above the ice sheet is anomalously warm and moist, with southerly winds observed over much of the ice sheet, including at Summit. LBCs that occur when the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is in the negative phase correspond to strong ridging centered over the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), allowing for southwesterly flow over the GIS toward Summit. During the positive phase of the NAO, the occurrence of LBCs corresponds to a cyclone located off the southeastern coast of the ice sheet, which leads to easterly-to-southeasterly flow toward Summit. Furthermore, air parcels at Summit frequently originate from below the elevation of Summit, indicating that orographic lift along the ice sheet is a factor in the occurrence of LBCs at Summit. LBCs are more frequently observed during the negative NAO, and both the LWP and precipitation rate are larger in LBCs occurring during this phase. Mean LWP in LBCs occurring during the negative NAO is 15 g m−2 larger than in LBCs occurring during the positive phase.

scholarly journals The influence of Arctic air masses on climatic conditions of the snow accumulation period in the center of the European territory of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Julia Nikolaevna Chizhova
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Arctic Oscillation ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Oscillation ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of this article is exmination of the influence of the Arctic air flow on the climatic conditions of the winter period in the center of the European territory of Russia (Moscow). In recent years, the question of the relationship between regional climatic conditions and such global circulation patterns as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AK) has become increasingly important. Based on the data of long-term observations of temperature and precipitation, the relationship with the AK and NAO was considered. For the winter months of the period 2014-2018, the back trajectories of the movement of air masses were computed for each date of precipitation to identify the sources of precipitation. The amount of winter precipitation that forms the snow cover of Moscow has no connection with either the North Atlantic Oscillation or the Arctic Oscillation. The Moscow region is located at the intersection of the zones of influence of positive and negative phases of both cyclonic patterns (AK and NAO), which determine the weather in the Northern Hemisphere. For the winter months, a correlation between the surface air temperature and NAO (r = 0.72) and AK (r = 0.66) was established. Winter precipitation in the center of the European territory of Russiais mainly associated with the unloading of Atlantic air masses. Arctic air masses relatively rarely invade Moscow region and bring little precipitation (their contribution does not exceed 12% of the total winter precipitation).

scholarly journals Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on air pollution transport

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 869-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Christoudias ◽  
A. Pozzer ◽  
J. Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North American ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract. We examined the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the atmospheric dispersion of pollution by computing the emission, transport and removal of idealized insoluble gaseous and water-soluble aerosol tracers, tagged by the continent of origin. We simulated a period of 50 yr (1960–2010), using the ECHAM5/MESSy1 atmospheric chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model. The model accounts for anthropogenic, biogenic and biomass burning sources, removal of trace gases through OH oxidation, and precipitation, sedimentation and deposition of aerosols. The model is shown to reproduce the observed spatial features of the NAO, moisture transports and precipitation. During high NAO phase seasons the axis of maximum westerly North American trace gas transports extends relatively far to the north and east over Europe. The NAO phase is significantly correlated with North American insoluble gas and soluble aerosol tracer concentrations over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and across northern Europe, and with European trace gases and aerosols over Africa and north of the Arctic circle. We find a strong anti-correlation between the phase of the NAO and European pollutant gas concentration over western and central Europe.

scholarly journals Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on air pollution transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 25967-25989
Author(s):  
T. Christoudias ◽  
A. Pozzer ◽  
J. Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North American ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract. We examined the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the atmospheric dispersion of pollution by computing the emission, transport and removal of insoluble gaseous and water-soluble aerosol tracers, tagged by the continent of origin. We simulated a period of 50 yr (1960–2010), using the ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model. The model accounts for anthropogenic, biogenic and biomass burning sources, removal of trace gases through OH oxidation, and precipitation, sedimentation and deposition of aerosols. The model is shown to reproduce the observed spatial features of the NAO, moisture transports and precipitation. During high NAO phase seasons the axis of maximum westerly North American trace gas transports extends relatively far to the north and east over Europe. The NAO phase is significantly correlated with North American tracer concentrations over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and across northern Europe, and with European trace gases and aerosols beyond the arctic circle. Our results indicate marked differences and partly reversed correlations for the insoluble gas and the soluble aerosol tracers. We find a strong anti-correlation over western and central Europe between European pollutant gas and aerosol concentrations and the phase of the NAO.

scholarly journals The Nature of the Arctic Oscillation and Diversity of the Extreme Surface Weather Anomalies It Generates

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 5563-5584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panxi Dai ◽  
Benkui Tan
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Arctic Oscillation ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Weather ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Arctic Oscillation ◽  
The North Pacific

Through a cluster analysis of daily NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, this study demonstrates that the Arctic Oscillation (AO), defined as the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of 250-hPa geopotential height anomalies, is not a unique pattern but a continuum that can be well approximated by five discrete, representative AO-like patterns. These AO-like patterns grow simultaneously from disturbances in the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the Arctic, and both the feedback from the high-frequency eddies in the North Pacific and North Atlantic and propagation of the low-frequency wave trains from the North Pacific across North America into the North Atlantic play important roles in the pattern formation. Furthermore, it is shown that the structures and frequencies of occurrence of the five AO-like patterns are significantly modulated by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Warm (cold) ENSO enhances the negative (positive) AO phase, compared with ENSO neutral winters. Finally, the surface weather effects of these AO-like patterns and their implications for the AO-related weather prediction and the AO-North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) relationship are discussed.

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