Occurrence of toxic Prymnesium parvum blooms with high protease activity is related to fish mortality in Hungarian ponds

Harmful Algae ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Vasas ◽  
Márta M-Hamvas ◽  
Gábor Borics ◽  
Sándor Gonda ◽  
Csaba Máthé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Prymnesium Parvum ◽  
High Protease Activity

scholarly journals Gill Transcriptomic Responses to Toxin-producing Alga Prymnesium parvum in Rainbow Trout

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morag Clinton ◽  
Elżbieta Król ◽  
Dagoberto Sepúlveda ◽  
Nikolaj R. Andersen ◽  
Andrew S. Brierley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Prymnesium Parvum ◽  
Canonical Pathways ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses

The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes, including protection of the mucosal gill surface against pathogens and other environmental antigens by the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). Climate change associated phenomena, such as increasing frequency and magnitude of harmful algal blooms (HABs) put extra strain on gill function, contributing to enhanced fish mortality and fish kills. However, the molecular basis of the HAB-induced gill injury remains largely unknown due to the lack of high-throughput transcriptomic studies performed on teleost fish in laboratory conditions. We used juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to investigate the transcriptomic responses of the gill tissue to two (high and low) sublethal densities of the toxin-producing alga Prymnesium parvum, in relation to non-exposed control fish. The exposure time to P. parvum (4–5 h) was sufficient to identify three different phenotypic responses among the exposed fish, enabling us to focus on the common gill transcriptomic responses to P. parvum that were independent of dose and phenotype. The inspection of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), canonical pathways, upstream regulators and downstream effects pointed towards P. parvum-induced inflammatory response and gill inflammation driven by alterations of Acute Phase Response Signalling, IL-6 Signalling, IL-10 Signalling, Role of PKR in Interferon Induction and Antiviral Response, IL-8 Signalling and IL-17 Signalling pathways. While we could not determine if the inferred gill inflammation was progressing or resolving, our study clearly suggests that P. parvum blooms may contribute to the serious gill disorders in fish. By providing insights into the gill transcriptomic responses to toxin-producing P. parvum in teleost fish, our research opens new avenues for investigating how to monitor and mitigate toxicity of HABs before they become lethal.

Occurrence of the Toxic Phytoflagellate Prymnesium parvum and Associated Fish Mortality in a Norwegian Fjord System

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2316-2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaartvedt ◽  
T. M. Johnsen ◽  
D. L. Aksnes ◽  
U. Lie ◽  
H. Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Prymnesium Parvum ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Fjord System ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Norwegian Fjord

At the end of July 1989, toxin-producing Prymnesium parvum was spread through a fjord system in the surge of freshwater released from a hydroelectric power plant. In total, 750 tonnes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) died in fish farms. Prymnesium parvum germinated in the brackish surface layer of a fjord branch which, during July, was characterized by longer residence time, higher temperatures, and lower nitrogen and silicate concentrations than the rest of the fjord system. Nutrient loading (especially phosphate) from fish farms may, however, have stimulated local growth of the alga. At the time of the first observed fish mortality, the salinity was 5‰ and the temperature 18 °C. Pelagic concentrations of P. parvum were generally low, with a maximum of 2.2 × 106 cells∙L−1 found close to a fish farm. Denser concentrations of P. parvum were, however, found in association with benthic substrates. Phosphorus limitation was probably important for the production of toxin by P. parvum.

scholarly journals Enzymes of Aspergillus Oryzae I. The Development of a Culture Medium Yielding High Protease Activity

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Rochelle Salt ◽  
Ammonium Tartrate ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Tartrate ◽  
High Protease Activity

When grown on modified Raulin's medium, containing additional sucrose, ammonium tartrate, and phosphate, Aspergillus oryzae yields more protease than when cultivated on unmodified Raulin's or Czapek-Dox media. Replacement of sucrose in the medium by fructose, invert sugar, glucose, maltose, starch, or lactose decreases the yield of enzyme in that order. Ammonium tartrate may be replaced by equivalent concentrations of the more readily available salts, sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt) and ammonium chloride, without loss in activity.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE BREAD QUALITY OF SUNI-BUG DAMAGED WHEAT FLOURS BY SOURDOUGH BREADMAKING AND LIQUID RYE SOUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
G. Özülkü ◽  
D. Sivri Özay
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Bread Quality ◽  
Breadmaking Quality ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Wheat Flours ◽  
High Protease Activity

The breadmaking quality of bug-damaged wheat flours with high protease activity (HPAWF) and low protease activity (LPAWF) was attempted to be improved by using sourdough (prepared by L. plantarum (SD1) and L. sanfrancissensis (SD2)) and liquid rye sour (LRS) in this study. The effects of sourdoughs (20 and 40%) and LRS (1 and 2%) on the protease activity of the HPAWF were determined by SDS-PAGE. Protease activity of HPAWF decreased with the addition of 40% SD1, 20% SD2, and both levels of LRS (1 and 2%) compared to a control sample. The HPAWF bread samples produced with LRS (1 and 2%) had higher volume (P<0.05) and bread quality as compared to sourdough applications. LPAWF bread sample was comparable with those of 40% SD2 added sample in terms of volume and hardness (N) values (P>0.05), while SD1 addition caused quality losses. The overall results suggested that addition of 2% LRS had promising results for improving bread quality flours that were damaged by suni-bug at low levels.

Hemolysis, Fish Mortality, and LC-ESI-MS of Cultured Crude and Fractionated Golden Alga (Prymnesium parvum)1

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Schug ◽  
Theodore R. Skingel ◽  
Sandra E. Spencer ◽  
Carlos A. Serrano ◽  
Cuong Q. Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Prymnesium Parvum ◽  
Esi Ms
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document