Reply: Comparison of slope instability screening tools following a large storm event and application to forest management and policy

Geomorphology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Kara A. Whittaker ◽  
Dan McShane
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Storm Event

Discussion: Comparison of slope instability screening tools following a large storm event and application to forest management and policy

Geomorphology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Lingley ◽  
Stephen L. Slaughter ◽  
Isabelle Y. Sarikhan ◽  
David K. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Storm Event

scholarly journals Infiltration, seepage and slope instability mechanisms during the 20–21 November 2000 rainstorm in Tuscany, central Italy

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tofani ◽  
S. Dapporto ◽  
P. Vannocci ◽  
N. Casagli
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Surface Boundary

Abstract. On 20–21 November 2000, a storm of high intensity, with a estimated return period of more than 100 years, triggered over 50 landslides within the province of Pistoia in Tuscany (Italy). These failures can be defined as complex earth slides- earth flows. One of the documented landslides has been investigated by modelling the ground water infiltration process, the positive and negative pore water pressure variations and the effects of these variations on slope stability during the rainfall event. Morphometric and geotechnical analyses were carried out through a series of in-situ and laboratory tests, the results of which were used as input for the modelling process. The surface infiltration rate was initially simulated using the rainfall recorded at the nearest raingauge station. Finite element seepage analysis for transient conditions were then employed to model the changes in pore water pressure during the storm event, using the computed infiltration rate as the ground surface boundary condition. Finally, the limit equilibrium slope stability method was applied to calculate the variations in the factor of safety during the event and thereby determine the critical time of instability. For the investigated site the trend of the factor of safety indicates that the critical time for failure occurs about 18 h after the storm commences, and highlights the key role played by the soil permeability and thickness in controlling the response in terms of slope instability.

scholarly journals Analysis of infiltration, seepage processes and slope instability mechanisms during the November 2000 storm event in Tuscany

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
V. Tofani ◽  
S. Dapporto ◽  
P. Vannocci ◽  
N. Casagli
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Surface Boundary

Abstract. On the days 20-21 November 2000, a storm of exceptional intensity triggered over 50 landslides within the province of Pistoia in Tuscany (Italy). These failures are mostly of complex type, originating as rotational or translational landslides, and transforming into flows. Two of these landslides were investigated in this paper by modelling the ground water infiltration process, the pore water pressure variations, both positive and negative, and the effects of these variations on slope stability during the rainfall event. Morphometric and geotechnical analyses were carried out for both sites through a series of in-situ and laboratory tests, the results of which were used as input for the modelling process. In a first step the surface infiltration rate was simulated using a modified Chu (1978) approach for the Green and Ampt (1911) equations in case of unsteady rainfall together with a surficial water balance. A finite element seepage analysis for transient conditions was then employed to model the changes in pore water pressure during the event, using the computed infiltration rate as the ground surface boundary condition. Finally, once again using the data from the previous step as input, the limit equilibrium Morgenstern-Price (1965) slope stability method was applied to calculate the variations in the factor of safety during the event and thereby determine the most critical time of instability. In both sites this method produced a curve for the factor of safety that indicated that the most critical time for failure occurred a few hours after the peak of rainfall.

Gute Verordnungspraxis bei älteren Patienten

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Wickop ◽  
Claudia Langebrake
Keyword(s):  
Ältere Patienten ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen ◽  
Leitliniengerechte Therapie

Patienten ab einem Alter von 65 Jahren sind die bedeutendste Zielgruppe der Pharmakotherapie. Die im Alter häufig auftretende Multimorbidität bedingt oft eine Polymedikation. Eine leitliniengerechte Therapie aller Erkrankungen ist problematisch und selten in Studien an älteren Patienten geprüft. Zudem sind im Alter auftretende pharmakokinetische und pharmakodynamische Veränderungen zu beachten. Diese bedingen, dass bestimmte Medikamente für ältere Patienten potentiell inadäquat sind, weil sie ein hohes Risiko für unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen bergen. Zur Identifikation von potentiell inadäquater Medikation wurden mehrere Negativlisten und Screening-Tools entwickelt. Im Artikel werden die START/STOPP-Kriterien, die PRISCUS-Liste, die Österreichische PIM-Liste sowie die FORTA-Einteilung näher erläutert. Der Einsatz dieser Tools kann die Qualität der medikamentösen Therapie im Alter verbessern. Zudem empfiehlt sich ein regelmäßiger Medikationsreview. Die Bestimmung der im Alter meist eingeschränkten Nierenfunktion und eine entsprechende Dosisanpassung der Medikation sowie die Wahl einer niedrigen Einstiegsdosis beim Ansetzen eines neuen Medikamentes bei älteren Patienten können ebenfalls einen Beitrag zur Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit leisten.

Validität und Reliabilität des „Grazer Malnutrition Screening Tools” (GMS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Eglseer ◽  
AM Eisenberger ◽  
J Bergthaler ◽  
G Wirnsberger ◽  
RE Roller
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tools
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