Reply to: Discussion of Rennie, A.F. and Hansom, J.D. (2011) ‘Sea level trend reversal: land uplift outpaced by sea level rise on Scotland's coast’. Geomorphology, 125 (1), 193–202. By S. Dawson, V.A. Powell, R.W. Duck and D.J. McGlashan, and by I. Shennan

Geomorphology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
A.F. Rennie ◽  
J.D. Hansom
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Land Uplift ◽  
Sea Level Trend ◽  
Trend Reversal

scholarly journals Past and Future Sea Level Changes and Land Uplift in the Baltic Sea Seen by Geodetic Observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nordman ◽  
A. Peltola ◽  
M. Bilker-Koivula ◽  
S. Lahtinen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Land Uplift ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract We have studied the land uplift and relative sea level changes in the Baltic Sea in northern Europe. To observe the past changes and land uplift, we have used continuous GNSS time series, campaign-wise absolute gravity measurements and continuous tide gauge time series. To predict the future, we have used probabilistic future scenarios tuned for the Baltic Sea. The area we are interested in is Kvarken archipelago in Finland and High Coast in Sweden. These areas form a UNESCO World Heritage Site, where the land uplift process and how it demonstrates itself are the main values. We provide here the latest numbers of land uplift for the area, the current rates from geodetic observations, and probabilistic scenarios for future relative sea level rise. The maximum land uplift rates in Fennoscandia are in the Bothnian Bay of the Baltic Sea, where the maximum values are currently on the order of 10 mm/year with respect to the geoid. During the last 100 years, the land has risen from the sea by approximately 80 cm in this area. Estimates of future relative sea level change have considerable uncertainty, with values for the year 2100 ranging from 75 cm of sea level fall (land emergence) to 30 cm of sea-level rise.

scholarly journals Steric Sea Level Changes from Ocean Reanalyses at Global and Regional Scales

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Andrea Storto ◽  
Antonio Bonaduce ◽  
Xiangbo Feng ◽  
Chunxue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Steric Sea Level ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Ocean Reanalyses ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Sea Level Trend

Sea level has risen significantly in the recent decades and is expected to rise further based on recent climate projections. Ocean reanalyses that synthetize information from observing networks, dynamical ocean general circulation models, and atmospheric forcing data offer an attractive way to evaluate sea level trend and variability and partition the causes of such sea level changes at both global and regional scales. Here, we review recent utilization of reanalyses for steric sea level trend investigations. State-of-the-science ocean reanalysis products are then used to further infer steric sea level changes. In particular, we used an ensemble of centennial reanalyses at moderate spatial resolution (between 0.5 × 0.5 and 1 × 1 degree) and an ensemble of eddy-permitting reanalyses to quantify the trends and their uncertainty over the last century and the last two decades, respectively. All the datasets showed good performance in reproducing sea level changes. Centennial reanalyses reveal a 1900–2010 trend of steric sea level equal to 0.47 ± 0.04 mm year−1, in agreement with previous studies, with unprecedented rise since the mid-1990s. During the altimetry era, the latest vintage of reanalyses is shown to outperform the previous ones in terms of skill scores against the independent satellite data. They consistently reproduce global and regional upper ocean steric expansion and the association with climate variability, such as ENSO. However, the mass contribution to the global mean sea level rise is varying with products and its representability needs to be improved, as well as the contribution of deep and abyssal waters to the steric sea level rise. Similarly, high-resolution regional reanalyses for the European seas provide valuable information on sea level trends, their patterns, and their causes.

scholarly journals High-accuracy coastal flood mapping for Norway using lidar data

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-694
Author(s):  
Kristian Breili ◽  
Matthew James Ross Simpson ◽  
Erlend Klokkervold ◽  
Oda Roaldsdotter Ravndal
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Land Uplift ◽  
Climate Services

Abstract. Using new high-accuracy light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data we generate coastal flooding maps for Norway. Thus far, we have mapped ∼80 % of the coast, for which we currently have data of sufficient accuracy to perform our analysis. Although Norway is generally at low risk from sea level rise largely owing to its steep topography and land uplift due to glacial isostatic adjustment, the maps presented here show that, on local scales, many parts of the coast are potentially vulnerable to flooding. There is a considerable amount of infrastructure at risk along the relatively long and complicated coastline. Nationwide we identify a total area of 400 km2, 105 000 buildings, and 510 km of roads that are at risk of flooding from a 200-year storm surge event at present. These numbers will increase to 610 km2, 137 000, and 1340 km with projected sea level rise to 2090 (95th percentile of RCP8.5 as recommended in planning). We find that some of our results are likely biased high owing to erroneous mapping (at least for lower water levels close to the tidal datum which delineates the coastline). A comparison of control points from different terrain types indicates that the elevation model has a root-mean-square error of 0.26 m and is the largest source of uncertainty in our mapping method. The coastal flooding maps and associated statistics are freely available, and alongside the development of coastal climate services, will help communicate the risks of sea level rise and storm surge to stakeholders. This will in turn aid coastal management and climate adaptation work in Norway.

A dinoflagellate cyst record of Holocene climate and hydrological changes along the southeastern Swedish Baltic coast

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yong Yu ◽  
Björn E. Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cysts ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Land Uplift ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cyst ◽  
Hydrological Changes

AbstractA high-resolution, well-dated dinoflagellate cyst record from a lagoon of the southeastern Swedish Baltic Sea reveals climate and hydrological changes during the Holocene. Marine dinoflagellate cysts occurred initially at about 8600 cal yr BP, indicating the onset of the Littorina transgression in the southeastern Swedish lowland associated with global sea level rise, and thus the opening of the Danish straits. Both the species diversity and the total accumulation rates of dinoflagellate cysts continued to increase by 7000 cal yr BP and then decreased progressively. This pattern reveals the first-order change in local sea level as a function of ice-volume-equivalent sea level rise versus isostatic land uplift. Superimposed upon this local sea level trend, well-defined fluctuations of the total accumulation rates of dinoflagellate cysts occurred on quasi-1000- and 500-yr frequency bands particularly between 7500 and 4000 cal yr BP, when the connection between the Baltic basin and the North Atlantic was broader. A close correlation of the total accumulation rates of dinoflagellate cysts with GISP2 ice core sea-salt ions suggests that fluctuations of Baltic surface conditions during the middle Holocene might have been regulated by quasi-periodic variations of the prevailing southwesterly winds, most likely through a system similar to the dipole oscillation of the modern North Atlantic atmosphere.

scholarly journals ACCELERATION OF SEA LEVEL RISE OVER MALAYSIAN SEAS FROM SATELLITE ALTIMETER

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W1 ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. A. Hamid ◽  
A. H. M. Din ◽  
N. F. Khalid ◽  
K. M. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Radar Altimeter ◽  
Data Verification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sea Level Trend ◽  
The Absolute

Sea level rise becomes our concern nowadays as a result of variously contribution of climate change that cause by the anthropogenic effects. Global sea levels have been rising through the past century and are projected to rise at an accelerated rate throughout the 21st century. Due to this change, sea level is now constantly rising and eventually will threaten many low-lying and unprotected coastal areas in many ways. This paper is proposing a significant effort to quantify the sea level trend over Malaysian seas based on the combination of multi-mission satellite altimeters over a period of 23 years. Eight altimeter missions are used to derive the absolute sea level from Radar Altimeter Database System (RADS). Data verification is then carried out to verify the satellite derived sea level rise data with tidal data. Eight selected tide gauge stations from Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak are chosen for this data verification. The pattern and correlation of both measurements of sea level anomalies (SLA) are evaluated over the same period in each area in order to produce comparable results. Afterwards, the time series of the sea level trend is quantified using robust fit regression analysis. The findings clearly show that the absolute sea level trend is rising and varying over the Malaysian seas with the rate of sea level varies and gradually increase from east to west of Malaysia. Highly confident and correlation level of the 23 years measurement data with an astonishing root mean square difference permits the absolute sea level trend of the Malaysian seas has raised at the rate 3.14 ± 0.12 mm yr-1 to 4.81 ± 0.15 mm yr-1 for the chosen sub-areas, with an overall mean of 4.09 ± 0.12 mm yr-1. This study hopefully offers a beneficial sea level information to be applied in a wide range of related environmental and climatology issue such as flood and global warming.

An Anomalous Recent Acceleration of Global Sea Level Rise

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 5772-5781 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Merrifield ◽  
S. T. Merrifield ◽  
G. T. Mitchum
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Tide Gauge Record ◽  
Vertical Land Motion ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Sea Level Trend ◽  
Global Sea Level

Abstract Tide gauge data are used to estimate trends in global sea level for the period from 1955 to 2007. Linear trends over 15-yr segments are computed for each tide gauge record, averaged over latitude bands, and combined to form an area-weighted global mean trend. The uncertainty of the global trend is specified as a sampling error plus a random vertical land motion component, but land motion corrections do not change the results. The average global sea level trend for the time segments centered on 1962–90 is 1.5 ± 0.5 mm yr−1 (standard error), in agreement with previous estimates of late twentieth-century sea level rise. After 1990, the global trend increases to the most recent rate of 3.2 ± 0.4 mm yr−1, matching estimates obtained from satellite altimetry. The acceleration is distinct from decadal variations in global sea level that have been reported in previous studies. Increased rates in the tropical and southern oceans primarily account for the acceleration. The timing of the global acceleration corresponds to similar sea level trend changes associated with upper ocean heat content and ice melt.

scholarly journals Millennial variability of rates of sea-level rise in the ancient harbour of Naples (Italy, western Mediterranean Sea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 284-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Vacchi ◽  
Elda Russo Ermolli ◽  
Christophe Morhange ◽  
Maria R. Ruello ◽  
Valentino Di Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Land Uplift ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Subsidence Rate ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea

AbstractWe reconstructed the late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) evolution of the ancient harbour of Naples, one of the largest coastal conurbations in the Mediterranean. We carried out multiproxy investigations, coupling archaeological evidence with biological indicators. Our data robustly constrain 2000 yr of non-monotonic changes in sea level, chiefly controlled by the complex volcano-tectonic processes that characterize the area. Between ~200 BC and AD ~0, a subsidence rate of more than ~1.5 mm/yr enhanced the postglacial RSL rise, while negligible or moderate land uplift < ~0.5 mm/yr triggered a RSL stabilization during the Roman period (first five centuries AD). This stabilization was followed by a post-Roman enhancement of the sea-level rise when ground motion was negative, attested by a subsidence rate of ~0.5 to ~1 mm/yr. Our analysis seems to indicate very minor impacts of this nonmonotonic RSL evolution on the activities of the ancient harbour of Naples, which peaked from the third century BC to the second century AD. After this period, the progressive silting of the harbour basin made it impossible to safely navigate within the basin, leading to the progressive decline of the harbour.

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