scholarly journals Splash erosion under natural rainfall on three soil types in NE Spain

Geomorphology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angulo-Martínez ◽  
S. Beguería ◽  
A. Navas ◽  
J. Machín
Keyword(s):  
Soil Types ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Ne Spain

SfM‐MVS Photogrammetry for Splash Erosion Monitoring under Natural Rainfall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Laburda ◽  
Josef Krása ◽  
David Zumr ◽  
Jan Devátý ◽  
Michal Vrána ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Natural Rainfall

scholarly journals Thermal shock and splash effects on burned gypseous soils from the Ebro Basin (NE Spain)

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. León ◽  
M. Seeger ◽  
D. Badía ◽  
P. Peters ◽  
M. T. Echeverría
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Ebro Valley ◽  
Ne Spain

Abstract. Fire is a natural factor of landscape evolution in Mediterranean ecosystems. The middle Ebro Valley has extreme aridity, which results in a low plant cover and high soil erodibility, especially on gypseous substrates. The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of moderate heating on physical and chemical soil properties, mineralogical composition and susceptibility to splash erosion. Topsoil samples (15 cm depth) were taken in the Remolinos mountain slopes (Ebro Valley, NE Spain) from two soil types: Leptic Gypsisol (LP) in a convex slope and Haplic Gypsisol (GY) in a concave slope. To assess the heating effects on the mineralogy we burned the soils at 105 and 205 °C in an oven and to assess the splash effects we used a rainfall simulator under laboratory conditions using undisturbed topsoil subsamples (0–5 cm depth of Ah horizon). LP soil has lower soil organic matter (SOM) and soil aggregate stability (SAS) and higher gypsum content than GY soil. Gypsum and dolomite are the main minerals (>80%) in the LP soil, while gypsum, dolomite, calcite and quartz have similar proportions in GY soil. Clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) are scarce in both soils. Heating at 105 °C has no effect on soil mineralogy. However, heating to 205 °C transforms gypsum to bassanite, increases significantly the soil salinity (EC) in both soil units (LP and GY) and decreases pH only in GY soil. Despite differences in the content of organic matter and structural stability, both soils show no significant differences (P < 0.01) in the splash erosion rates. The size of pores is reduced by heating, as derived from variations in soil water retention capacity.

scholarly journals Rainfall Parameters Affecting Splash Erosion under Natural Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nives Zambon ◽  
Lisbeth Lolk Johannsen ◽  
Peter Strauss ◽  
Tomas Dostal ◽  
David Zumr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Total Kinetic Energy ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Natural Rainfall

The interaction between rainfall erosivity parameters and splash erosion is crucial for describing the soil erosion process; however, it is rarely investigated under natural rainfall conditions. In this study, we conducted splash erosion experiments under natural rainfall on three sites in Central Europe. The main goal was to obtain the relationship between splash erosion of the bare soil in seedbed condition and commonly used rainfall erosivity parameters (kinetic energy, intensity, and rainfall erosivity (EI30)). All sites were equipped with a rain gauge and an optical laser disdrometer where the splash erosion was measured, with modified Morgan splash cups. In order to investigate which parameter best describes the splash erosion process for all sites, a regression analysis was performed. In total, 80 splash erosion events were evaluated. Splash erosion can be described as a linear function of total kinetic energy and a non-linear function of EI30. However, the use of the total kinetic energy led to underestimation of the splash erosion rates for highly intensive rainfalls. Therefore, better results were obtained when using average rainfall intensity as the splash erosion predictor or the kinetic energy divided by the rainfall duration. Minor differences between the replicates during splash erosion measurements indicate that the modified Morgan splash cup provides a good tool for soil erosion assessment.

Sieving effect on the intensity and persistence of water repellency at different soil depths and soil types from NE-Spain

CATENA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Badía ◽  
J.A. Aguirre ◽  
C. Martí ◽  
M.A. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Ne Spain ◽  
Sieving Effect

The methodological approach for the determination of the pressure of artificial raindrops as a question of the theory of splash soil erosion

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mihail Zver'kov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Artificial Rain ◽  
The Impact

To the article the results of the theoretical and experimental researches are given on questions of estimates of the dynamic rate effect of raindrop impact on soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the current methods to determine the rate of artificial rain pressure on the soil for the assessment of splash erosion. There are the developed author’s method for calculation the pressure of artificial rain on the soil and the assessment of splash erosion. The study aims to the justification of evaluation methods and the obtaining of quantitative characteristics, prevention and elimination of accelerated (anthropogenic) erosion, the creation and the realization of the required erosion control measures. The paper considers the question of determining the pressure of artificial rain on the soil. At the moment of raindrops impact, there is the tension in the soil, which is called vertical effective pressure. It is noted that the impact of rain drops in the soil there are stresses called vertical effective pressure. The equation for calculation of vertical effective pressure is proposed in this study using the known spectrum of raindrops. Effective pressure was 1.4 Pa for the artificial rain by sprinkler machine «Fregat» and 5.9 Pa for long distance sprinkler DD-30. The article deals with a block diagram of the sequence for determining the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. This diagram was created by the author’s method of calculation of the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. The need for an integrated approach to the description of the artificial rain impact on the soil is noted. Various parameters characterizing drop erosion are considered. There are data about the mass of splashed soil in the irrigation of various irrigation machinery and installations. For example, the rate (mass) of splashed soil was 0.28…0.78 t/ha under irrigation sprinkler apparatus RACO 4260–55/701C in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The method allows examining the environmental impact of sprinkler techniques for analyzes of the pressure, caused by raindrops, on the soil. It can also be useful in determining the irrigation rate before the runoff for different types of sprinkler equipment and soil conditions.

Abrasive wear of polymer/steel gear drives

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Gábor Kalácska
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
General View ◽  
Modern Engineering ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Engineering Polymers ◽  
Plastic Gears

Research was performed on the friction, wear and efficiency of plastic gears made of modern engineering polymers and their composites both in a clean environment (adhesive sliding surfaces) and in an environment contaminated with solid particles and dust (abrasive), with no lubrication at all. The purpose is to give a general view about the results of abrasive wear tests including seven soil types as abrasive media. At the first stage of the research silicious sand was applied between the meshing gears and the wear of plastic and steel gears was evaluated and analyzed from the point of different material properties (elongation at break, hardness, yield stress, modulus of elasticity) and its combinations. The different correlations between the experienced wear and material features are also introduced. At the second stage of the project the abrasive sand was replaced with different physical soil types. The abrasive wear of gears is plotted in the function of soil types. The results highlight on the considerable role of physical soil types on abrasive wear resistance and the conclusions contain the detailed wear resistance. The results offer a new tribology database for the operation and maintenance of agricultural machines with the opportunity of a better material selection according to the dominant soil type. This can finally result longer lifetime and higher reliability of wearing plastic/steel parts.

Effects of heavy metals on soil invertase enzyme activity in different soil types

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Verma ◽  
Dharam Veer Yadav ◽  
Chandra Pal Singh ◽  
Archna Suman ◽  
Asha Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Soil Types

Status of Food Security in Banten Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weksi Budiaji
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vast Area

This paper discusses the status of food security in Banten Province, Indonesia based on regional and city characteristics. Secondary data is used and is analyzed descriptively covering population dynamics, the population living in poverty, cereal production, disaster risk and soil types. Tangerang Region is found to have the largest population with the greatest number of people living in poverty among the regions and cities in Banten Province. Cereal production is dominated by the regions rather than the cities due to their vast area. Regarding arable land, flooding is the most threatening disaster in the major rice producing areas. In order to identify the distributions of regions and cities regarding food security, three indicator variables of food security dimensions are plotted, namely, cereal normative consumption, proportion of the population living in poverty, and proportion of malnourished babies. The three regions of Pandeglang Region, Lebak Region and Serang Region are grouped together in a less secure group.

The Effectiveness of Herbicides in Upland Soil Types in Kyushu

1972 ◽  
Vol 1972 (13) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Iwaho IWATA ◽  
Susumu SIRASAKA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Types ◽  
Upland Soil

Diversity of Microbial Community of Paddy Soil Types in Double-Rice Crop-ping System

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 826-832
Author(s):  
Chuan-Deng YI ◽  
Li-Hong WANG ◽  
Xiao-Ping XIAO ◽  
Guang-Li YANG ◽  
Yue-Gao HU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Double Rice
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