Soil, regolith, and weathered rock: Theoretical concepts and evolution in old-growth temperate forests, Central Europe

Geoderma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 114261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Šamonil ◽  
Jonathan Phillips ◽  
Pavel Daněk ◽  
Vojtěch Beneš ◽  
Lukasz Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Weathered Rock

Complementary Models of Tree Species–Soil Relationships in Old-Growth Temperate Forests

Ecosystems ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Cross ◽  
Steven S. Perakis
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Old Growth

Breakage or uprooting: How tree death type affects hillslope processes in old-growth temperate forests

Geomorphology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Šamonil ◽  
Pavel Daněk ◽  
Dušan Adam ◽  
Jonathan D. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Hillslope Processes

scholarly journals Forest type matters: Global review about the structure of oak dominated old-growth temperate forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 119629
Author(s):  
János Bölöni ◽  
Réka Aszalós ◽  
Tamás Frank ◽  
Péter Ódor
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Old Growth

Pleistocene Climates in Central Europe: At least 17 Interglacials after the Olduvai Event

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Fink ◽  
George J. Kukla
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Depositional Cycles ◽  
Definition Of

At least 17 times during the past 1.7 million years, the deposition of loess containing characteristic cold-resistant gastropods was interrupted by the development of temperate interglacial forests. This conclusion was reached in a study of paleomagnetically dated fossiliferous loess sequences in Krems, Austria and Brno, Czechoslovakia. Sequences of windblown loess interlayered with hillwash loams and steppe and forest soils exposed in brickyards around Brno and Praha, Czechoslovakia, revealed eight major depositional cycles within the Brunhes paleomagnetic epoch. We now report nine additional cycles of late and middle Matuyama age bringing the total number of glacial-interglacial cycles to 17, which occurred after the end of the Olduvai. The cycles are separated by marklines, levels of abrupt environmental change correlative with the terminations in deep-sea sediments. They are the boundaries between the windblown loess containing cold-resistant snail assemblages and between the clayey originally decalcified soils, accompanied by warmth loving Helix and Banatica snail faunas of hardwood forests. Because the presence of temperate forests in northwestern and central Europe is instrumental in the definition of an interglacial, each markline represents a glacial-interglacial boundary and each cycle is a glacial-interglacial cycle.

Losses in understory diversity over three decades in an old-growth cool-temperate forest in Michigan, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry D. Woods ◽  
David J. Hicks ◽  
Jan Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Earthworm Invasion ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Canopy Composition ◽  
Understory Diversity ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Understory Communities ◽  
Wet Forests

Diversity in temperate forests is concentrated in the understory, but understory dynamics are poorly understood for old-growth forests. We use repeated measurements of more than eight hundred 1 m2 plots over three decades to assess patterns of understory diversity in old-growth mesic and wet forests in northern Michigan, USA. We ask whether diversity changes systematically over time and whether dynamics are related to spatial scale. We find, for all habitats, significant understory diversity loss at square-metre scales but not at coarser scales. Total herbaceous cover, however, remained constant or increased in total and for nearly all frequent species, and no species were lost overall. We explore hypotheses about diversity regulation by exploring correlations with habitat, canopy composition, and properties of understory species. Nonindigenous plants are rare at the study site, earthworm invasion is not apparent, and deer browse is not intense. Diversity changes may be related to ecological guild membership. We suggest that the general loss of fine-scale diversity is driven by either changing canopy composition or competitive dynamics within the understory community. Management for diversity maintenance in temperate forests must address understory communities; if herbaceous diversity is scale dependent and unstable over decadal time frames, management approaches need to account for factors driving changes.

scholarly journals The Role of Canopy Cover Dynamics over a Decade of Changes in the Understory of an Atlantic Beech-Oak Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Mercedes Valerio ◽  
Ricardo Ibáñez ◽  
Antonio Gazol
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Gap Dynamics ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Old Growth

The understory of temperate forests harbour most of the plant species diversity present in these ecosystems. The maintenance of this diversity is strongly dependent on canopy gap formation, a disturbance naturally happening in non-managed forests, which promotes spatiotemporal heterogeneity in understory conditions. This, in turn, favours regeneration dynamics, functioning and structural complexity by allowing changes in light, moisture and nutrient availability. Our aim is to study how gap dynamics influence the stability of understory plant communities over a decade, particularly in their structure and function. The study was carried out in 102 permanent plots (sampled in 2006 and revisited in 2016) distributed throughout a 132 ha basin located in a non-managed temperate beech-oak forest (Bertiz Natural Park, Spain). We related changes in the taxonomical and functional composition and diversity of the understory vegetation to changes in canopy coverage. We found that gap dynamics influenced the species composition and richness of the understory through changes in light availability and leaf litter cover. Species with different strategies related to shade tolerance and dispersion established in the understory following the temporal evolution of gaps. However, changes in understory species composition in response to canopy dynamics occur at a slow speed in old-growth temperate forests, needing more than a decade to really be significant. The presence of gaps persisting more than ten years is essential for maintaining the heterogeneity and stability of understory vegetation in old-growth temperate forests.

scholarly journals Challenges for Uneven-Aged Silviculture in Restoration of Post-Disturbance Forests

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Dušan Roženbergar ◽  
Gal Fidej ◽  
Thomas A. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
Severe Disturbance

Forest managers are often required to restore forest stands following natural disturbances, a situation that may become more common and more challenging under global change. In parts of Central Europe, particularly in mountain regions dominated by mixed temperate forests, the use of relatively low intensity, uneven-aged silviculture is a common management approach. Because this type of management is based on mimicking less intense disturbances, the restoration of more severe disturbance patches within forested landscapes has received little attention within the context of uneven-aged silviculture in the region. The goal of this paper is to synthesize research on the restoration of forests damaged by disturbances in temperate forests of Slovenia and neighbouring regions of Central Europe, where uneven-aged silviculture is practiced. We place particular emphasis on the most important biotic and abiotic drivers of post-disturbance regeneration, and use this information to inform silvicultural decisions about applying natural or artificial regeneration in disturbed areas. We conclude with guidelines for restoration silviculture in uneven-aged forest landscapes.

scholarly journals Soil denudation rates in an old‐growth mountain temperate forest driven by tree uprooting dynamics, Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Šamonil ◽  
Markus Egli ◽  
Teresa Steinert ◽  
Kevin Norton ◽  
Samuel Abiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Denudation Rates ◽  
Tree Uprooting

Patterns and drivers of ice storm damage in temperate forests of Central Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Nagel ◽  
Dejan Firm ◽  
Dusan Rozenbergar ◽  
Milan Kobal
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Ice Storm Damage
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