Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biofertilizer improves American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) growth under the continuous cropping regime

Geoderma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 363 ◽  
pp. 114155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Cai Shao ◽  
Hai Sun ◽  
Zhengbo Liu ◽  
Yiming Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Panax Quinquefolius ◽  
Continuous Cropping

Transcriptome Characterization of Panax Quinquefolius L. seedlings in Response to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using RNA-seq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Ran ◽  
Xiaotong Yang ◽  
Yongqing Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Panax Quinquefolius ◽  
Rna Seq

Abstract Panax quinquefolius L. has been considered as an important traditional Chinese medicine with a history of more than 300 years in China. Ginsenoside is the main bioactive component. Our research group has found that the accumulation of ginsenoside could be affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However the underlying mechanism how AMF affected the biosynthesis of ginsenoside in P. quinquefolius is still unclear. In this study, the RNA-seq analysis was used to evaluate the effects of AMF (Rhizophagus intraradices, R. intraradices) on the expression of ginsenoside synthesis related genes in P. quinquefolius root. The results indicated that a symbiotic relationship between R. intraradices and P. quinquefolius was established. RNA-seq achieved approximately 48.62 G reads of all samples. Assembly of all the reads involved in all samples produced 63420 transcripts and 24137 unigenes. Differential expression analysis was performed between the control and AMF group. A total of 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to AMF vs control were identified, 78 and 33 transcripts were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Based on the functional analysis, Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that most DEGs were related to stress responses and cellular metabolic processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis identified transduction, plant hormone signal transduction and terpenoids and polyketides biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, the expression of glycolysis-related genes and ginsenoside synthesis related genes was largely induced by AMF. In conclusion, our results comprehensively elucidated the molecular mechanism how AMF affected the biosynthesis of ginsenoside in P.quinquefolius by transcriptome profiling.

scholarly journals Auxin is involved in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-promoted tomato growth and NADP-malic enzymes expression in continuous cropping substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Wenze Zhang ◽  
Weikang Liu ◽  
Golam Jalal Ahammed ◽  
Wenxu Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Tomato Growth

Abstract Background Despite significant limitations of growth medium reuse, a large amount of organic substrate is reused in soilless cultivation of horticultural crops in China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote nutrient absorption and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms governing the effects of AMF on crop growth in organic continuous cropping substrates have not been elucidated. Results In this study, we showed that the inoculation of AMF in continuous cropping substrates promoted growth and root development, and increased the root and NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) activity of tomato seedlings. Root transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was highly enriched, and 109 genes that positively correlated with the AMF-inoculated plant phenotype were obtained by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which identified 9 genes related to indole acetic acid (IAA). Importantly, the levels of endogenous IAA in tomato seedlings significantly increased after AMF inoculation. Furthermore, the application of AMF significantly increased the expression levels of NADP-ME1 and NADP-ME2, as well as the activity of NADP-ME, and enhanced the root activity of tomato seedlings in comparison to that observed without inoculation of AMF. However, these effects were blocked in plants treated with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), a polar transport inhibitor of IAA. Conclusions These results suggest that IAA mediates the AMF-promoted tomato growth and expression of NADP-MEs in continuous cropping substrates. The study provides convincing evidence for the reuse of continuous cropping substrates by adding AMF as an amendment.

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