scholarly journals Decomposition of mixtures of cover crop residues increases microbial functional diversity

Geoderma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 361 ◽  
pp. 114060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sytske M. Drost ◽  
Michiel Rutgers ◽  
Marja Wouterse ◽  
Wietse de Boer ◽  
Paul L.E. Bodelier
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity

Soil microbiological properties during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Z. Lupwayi ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
T. K. Turkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial

Field experiments were conducted to correlate decomposition of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure (GM), field pea (Pisum sativum), canola (Brassica rapa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues, and soil organic C (SOC), under zero tillage and conventional tillage, with soil microbial biomass C (MBC), bacterial functional diversity and microbial activity (CO2 evolution). A greenhouse experiment was also conducted to relate crop residue quality to soil microbial characteristics. Zero tillage increas ed MBC only in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer. Soil MBC decreased more with soil depth than either microbial diversity or total SOC. Legume GM residues induced greater initial CO2 evolution than the other residues. This means that results that do not include the initial flush of microbial activity, e.g., by sampling only in the season(s) following residue placement, probably underestimate gas evolution from legume crop residues. Residue N, P and K contents were positively correlated with microbial functional diversity and activity, which were positively correlated with crop residue decomposition. Therefore, microbial functional diversity and activity were good indicators of microbial decomposition processes. Residue C/N and C/P ratios (i.e., high C content) were positively correlated with MBC, which was positively correlated with SOC. Therefore, soil MBC was a good indicator of soil quality (soil organic matter content). Key words: Biological soil quality, crop residues, crop rotation, microbial activity, microbial biomass, microbial diversity

Soil aggregate size-dependent relationships between microbial functional diversity and multifunctionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 108143
Author(s):  
Shun Han ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ◽  
Xuesong Luo ◽  
Yurong Liu ◽  
Joy D. Van Nostrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity ◽  
Size Dependent

Enzyme activities and microbial functional diversity in metal(loid) contaminated soils near to a copper smelter

2021 ◽  
pp. 146423
Author(s):  
Humberto Aponte ◽  
Pedro Mondaca ◽  
Christian Santander ◽  
Sebastián Meier ◽  
Jorge Paolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity

Soil development and microbial functional diversity: Proposal for a methodological approach

Geoderma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marinari ◽  
E. Bonifacio ◽  
M.C. Moscatelli ◽  
G. Falsone ◽  
L. Vittori Antisari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity

scholarly journals Microbial Functional Gene Diversity with a Shift of Subsurface Redox Conditions duringIn SituUranium Reduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2966-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Liang ◽  
Joy D. Van Nostrand ◽  
Lucie A. N′Guessan ◽  
Aaron D. Peacock ◽  
Ye Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbial Functional Gene

ABSTRACTTo better understand the microbial functional diversity changes with subsurface redox conditions duringin situuranium bioremediation, key functional genes were studied with GeoChip, a comprehensive functional gene microarray, in field experiments at a uranium mill tailings remedial action (UMTRA) site (Rifle, CO). The results indicated that functional microbial communities altered with a shift in the dominant metabolic process, as documented by hierarchical cluster and ordination analyses of all detected functional genes. The abundance ofdsrABgenes (dissimilatory sulfite reductase genes) and methane generation-relatedmcrgenes (methyl coenzyme M reductase coding genes) increased when redox conditions shifted from Fe-reducing to sulfate-reducing conditions. The cytochrome genes detected were primarily fromGeobactersp. and decreased with lower subsurface redox conditions. Statistical analysis of environmental parameters and functional genes indicated that acetate, U(VI), and redox potential (Eh) were the most significant geochemical variables linked to microbial functional gene structures, and changes in microbial functional diversity were strongly related to the dominant terminal electron-accepting process following acetate addition. The study indicates that the microbial functional genes clearly reflect thein situredox conditions and the dominant microbial processes, which in turn influence uranium bioreduction. Microbial functional genes thus could be very useful for tracking microbial community structure and dynamics during bioremediation.

Substituting vetch and chicory for rye in a cover crop mixture enhanced nutrient release

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
George N. Furey ◽  
Sean M. Smukler ◽  
Andrew Riseman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Aboveground Tissue

Increasing the functional diversity of cover crop polycultures has potential to modify nutrient cycling. Aboveground tissue from rye (Secale cereale), vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa), and chicory (Cichorium intybus) was arranged in litterbags, and rates of nutrient supply were measured. A control, monocultures of each species, a biculture of rye:vetch, and a polyculture of rye:vetch:chicory were compared. Increasing functional diversity through reducing the quantity of rye tissue by 30% to include 10% chicory and 20% vetch increased the total amount of nitrogen released by 257%.

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