Impact of soil surface and subsurface properties on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in the semi-arid Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, USA

Geoderma ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Becker ◽  
M. Gebremichael ◽  
M. Märker
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Walnut Gulch ◽  
Semi Arid

Modelling leaching and recharge in a bare transitional red-brown earth ponded with low salinity water in summer

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cai ◽  
SA Prathapar ◽  
HG Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Water And Salt Movement ◽  
Winter Fallow

A modelling study was conducted to evaluate water and salt movement within a transitional red-brown earth with saline B horizon soil when such waters are used for ponding in summer. The model was calibrated using previously published experimental data. The calibrated model was used to evaluate the effect of depth to watertable, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and ponding water salinity on infiltration, water and salt movement within the soil profile, and recharge. The study showed that when initial soil water content and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) are low, infiltrating water will be stored within the soil profile even in the absence of a shallow watertable. Once the soil water content is high, however, recharge will be significant in winter, even if there is no net infiltration at the soil surface. Infiltration rates depend more on Ks than the depth to watertable if it is at, or below, 1.5 m from the soil surface. When Ks is high, recharge under ponding will be higher than that under winter fallow. Subsequent ponding in summer and fallow in winter tend to leach salts from the soil profile, the leaching rate dependent on Ks. During winter fallow, due to net evaporation, salts tend to move upwards and concentrate near the soil surface. In the presence of shallow watertables, leached salts tend to concentrate at, or near, the watertable.

Measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity using twin rings

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Scotter ◽  
BE Clothier ◽  
ER Harper
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Field Soils

A method of measuring, with minimal soil disturbance, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity of field soil is presented and discussed. It involves measuring the steady-state infiltration of ponded water from two rings, of different radii, that have been lightly pressed into the soil surface. The method is based on Wooding's solution for steady infiltration from a shallow, circular pond. Criteria for selecting ring radii are discussed. Results for three field soils are found to give consistent values for the conductivity and sorptivity.

Effect of shrubs on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity depends on the grazing regime in a semi-arid shrub-encroached grassland

CATENA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 105680
Author(s):  
Yurong Cai ◽  
Yuchun Yan ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Dawei Xu ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Development and testing of a large, transportable rainfall simulator for plot-scale runoff and parameter estimation

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 4169-4183 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Wilson ◽  
C. Cortis ◽  
N. Montaldo ◽  
J. D. Albertson
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Simulator

Abstract. There is increased interest in the interplay between vegetation conditions and overland flow generation. The literature is unclear on this relationship, and there is little quantitative guidance for modeling efforts. Therefore, experimental efforts are needed, and these call for a lightweight transportable plot-scale (>10 m2) rainfall simulator that can be deployed quickly and quickly redeployed over various vegetation cover conditions. Accordingly, a variable-intensity rainfall simulator and collection system was designed and tested in the laboratory and in the field. The system was tested with three configurations of common pressure washing nozzles producing rainfall intensities of 62, 43, and 32 mm h-1 with uniformity coefficients of 76, 65, and 62%, respectively, over a plot of 15.12 m2. Field tests were carried out on a grassy field with silt–loam soil in Orroli, Sardinia, in July and August 2010, and rainfall, soil moisture, and runoff data were collected. The two-term Philip infiltration model was used to find optimal values for the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil surface and bulk soil, soil water retention curve slope, and air entry suction head. Optimized hydraulic conductivity values were similar to both the measured final infiltration rate and literature values for saturated hydraulic conductivity. This inexpensive (less than USD 1000) rainfall simulator can therefore be used to identify field parameters needed for hydrologic modeling.

scholarly journals Physical properties of a soil under a pig slurry application and organic matter activators

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Václav Novák ◽  
Petr Šařec ◽  
Kateřina Křížová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Equal Dose ◽  
Positive Effect

To investigate the effects of organic matter activators combined with a pig slurry on a soil’s physical properties, a field experiment was carried out in a monoculture of corn (2015–2017). Three pig slurry application variants complemented with the activators in question, i.e. with PRP SOL spread directly on the soil surface (SOL), with Z’fix added to the slurry during the pig housing (ZF) and with a combination of both PRP SOL and Z’fix (ZF_SOL), were compared with just the pig slurry (C) under an equal dose of nitrogen and a uniform growing technology. According to the results, a positive effect of the penetration resistance with the pig slurry and the activators of organic matter (Z’fix and PRP SOL) was not proven. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was demonstrably better achieved with the Z’fix activator, but PRP SOL activator also provided a certain improvement. The largest change in the unit draught was observed in the ZF_SOL application (20% increase). The results seem ambiguous; however, they give a good indication of the activators’ effect in practice. Nevertheless, the findings would certainly benefit from further verification.

Pedogenic processes and soil–landform relationships for identification of yield-limiting soil properties

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duraisamy Vasu ◽  
Surendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Pramod Tiwary ◽  
Padikkal Chandran ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Variability ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Deccan Plateau ◽  
Pedogenic Processes ◽  
Semi Arid

Knowledge of soil–landform relationships helps in understanding the dominant pedogenic processes causing variations in soil properties within and between landforms. In this study, we investigated how major pedogenic processes in three landform positions of the semi-arid Deccan Plateau (India) have led to current plant yield-limiting soil properties. For this, we characterised 26 pedons from three landforms – piedmont, alluvial plain and valley – and performed factor analysis on the dataset. As the frequency distribution of the dataset was highly skewed for most of the soil properties, landform-wise partition and log-transformation were performed before studying soil variability within landforms. Results indicated that two factors explained 56, 71 and 64% of variability in soil properties in piedmonts, alluvial plains and valleys, respectively. The major soils in lower piedmonts (Typic Haplustalfs and Typic Rhodustalfs) were spatially associated with Vertisols (Sodic Haplusterts) occurring in alluvial plains and valleys. The soil properties in alluvial plains and valleys (Vertic Haplustepts, Sodic Haplusterts and Typic Ustifluvents) were modified due to regressive pedogenic processes. These soils were characterised by high pH (8.5–9.8), exchangeable sodium percentage (16.5–46.6) and poor saturated hydraulic conductivity (<1cmh–1). Subsoil sodicity induced by the presence of pedogenic calcium carbonate impaired the hydraulic conductivity. Subsoil sodicity and poor saturated hydraulic conductivity were identified as major yield-limiting soil properties. The relationships found between specific soil properties, surface and subsurface horizons, and position in the landscape helped to determine the dominant pedogenic processes and how these influenced current soil properties and their effects on crop yield.

scholarly journals Development and testing of a large, transportable rainfall simulator for plot-scale runoff and parameter estimation

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4267-4310
Author(s):  
T. G. Wilson ◽  
C. Cortis ◽  
N. Montaldo ◽  
J. D. Albertson
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Simulator

Abstract. There is increased interest in the interplay between vegetation conditions and overland flow generation. The literature is unclear on this relationship and there is little quantitative guidance for modeling efforts. Therefore, experimental efforts are needed and these call for a lightweight transportable plot-scale (>10 m2) rainfall simulator that can be deployed quickly and quickly redeployed over various vegetation cover conditions. Accordingly, a variable intensity rainfall simulator and collection system was designed and tested in the laboratory and in the field. The system was tested with three configurations of common pressure washing nozzles producing rainfall intensities of 62, 43, and 32 mm h−1 with uniformity coefficients of 76, 65, and 62, respectively, over a plot of 15.12 m2. Field tests were carried out in on a grassy field with silt-loam soil in Orroli, Sardinia in July and August 2010, and rainfall, soil moisture, and runoff data were collected. The two-term Philip infiltration model was used to find optimal values for the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil surface and bulk soil, soil water retention curve slope, and air entry suction head. Optimized hydraulic conductivity values were comparable to both the measured final infiltration rate and literature values for saturated hydraulic conductivity. This inexpensive rainfall simulator can therefore be used to identify field parameters needed for hydrologic modeling.

scholarly journals Modelling of Unsaturated Flow in Heterogeneous Soils

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Høgh Jensen ◽  
M. B. Butts
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Heterogeneous Soils ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Modelling of soil moisture conditions in spatially variable fields is treated using stochastic methods. Spatial variability of moisture content in a vegetation covered field is partly caused by field variability in soil physical parameters. In the present study a physically based model is coupled with a statistical description of retention properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity respectively to simulate moisture conditions in heterogeneous soils. Results are compared with measurements obtained from two 0.5 ha field sites. Simulations based on the variation in retention properties are shown to account for much of the observed variation in soil moisture conditions with some deficiencies evident close to the soil surface. Variations in saturated hydraulic conductivity alone give an incomplete description of observed variability in soil moisture conditions.

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